云南松毛虫和思茅松毛虫种群动态及监测预报技术
发布时间：2019-05-30 07:23
【摘要】：云南松毛虫(Dendrolimus houi Lajonquière)和思茅松毛虫(D.kikuchii Matsumura)是重要的林木害虫,且云南松毛虫和思茅松毛虫作为同属近缘种,在很多地区常常混合发生,本文通过研究两种松毛虫的室内羽化规律、成虫的产卵选择、幼虫的生态位分析和幼虫的取食趋性分析4个方面对云南松毛虫和思茅松毛虫在生物生态学方面的差异性进行探讨,研究两种松毛虫对寄主资源利用的分化和重叠程度及其对寄主的选择是否有各自适应性特征,找出两种松毛虫在生物生态学特性上的不同,有助于了解两种松毛虫在混合发生地内各自种群的动态变化机制。结果如下:1两种松毛虫发生规律与监测模型利用性信息素对云南松毛虫和思茅松毛虫当年第1代成虫进行诱捕,结果表明:两种松毛虫成虫的发生时期十分相似,成虫在6月上旬开始出现,延续到7月中下旬结束。在6月下旬或7月初出现羽化高峰。野外采集当年第2代云南松毛虫和思茅松毛虫虫茧置于室内(温度22~28°C,光周期L15:D9)进行羽化观察,结果表明:思茅松毛虫初始羽化时期比云南松毛虫早5d。云南松毛虫的羽化节律呈“单峰型”,羽化高峰期集中在10月中上旬,思茅松毛虫的羽化节律呈“双峰型”,存在两个羽化高峰期,分别是10月的上旬和中旬。利用两种松毛虫的第一代成虫诱捕数据,同时分别统计诱捕试验地内下一代两种松毛虫幼虫的虫口密度,通过曲线估计分别得出了云南松毛虫成虫与下一代幼虫虫口密度拟合预测模型和思茅松毛虫成虫与下一代幼虫虫口密度拟合预测模型。2生态位分析通过生态位理论在空间资源和时间资源利用上对取食阶段的云南松毛虫和思茅松毛虫幼虫进行分析,定量的描述了云南松毛虫和思茅松毛虫幼虫种群之间的联系和竞争共存机制。结果表明:云南松毛虫和思茅松毛虫的幼虫在老熟阶段的空间生态位宽度为0.6423和0.5299,显示云南松毛虫在空间资源利用方面有更广的分布。随着虫龄的增长两种松毛虫的竞争系数不断增加,表明随着化蛹期的临近,两种松毛虫在营养资源的抢夺上更加激烈。从两种松毛虫的时间生态位来看,云南松毛虫生态位宽度为0.9143,略高于思茅松毛虫生态位宽度(0.8912),从生态位重叠值来看,思茅松毛虫(0.7738)比云南松毛虫(0.7431)要高,说明思茅松毛虫的大部分危害期内都同时有云南松毛虫在造成危害。综合来看,云南松毛虫还是思茅松毛虫幼虫都可在一定时期内的保持相对稳定的种群数量,不存在危害期内的暴发期或者高峰期,这样可以导致两种松毛虫在危害期内可以持续的、大量的造成危害。另一方面也说明在试验区内可以威胁到云南松毛虫和思茅松毛虫种群发展的因素较少。3两种松毛虫寄主选择性研究以平均落卵量、落卵所占百分比和不同松针上幼虫数量为评价指标,研究云南松毛虫和思茅松毛虫对寄主思茅松Pinus kesiya var.langbianensis,华山松P.armandii,油松P.tabulaeformis,白皮松P.bungeana的成虫产卵选择和幼虫取食选择趋性。结果表明:云南松毛虫在思茅松,华山松,油松,白皮松上的成虫平均落卵百分比分别为46.98%,26.10%,22.73%,4.19%;思茅松毛虫在思茅松,华山松,白皮松,油松上的成虫平均落卵百分比分别为48.22%,23.55%,15.80%,12.44%。在36 h观测时间内,云南松毛虫和思茅松毛虫幼虫对4种松树的取食选择趋性不一致,且与成虫产卵选择趋性不一致。
[Abstract]:Dendrolimus houi Lajonquiqui and D. kikuchi Matsumura, an important forest pest, are often mixed in many regions, and the indoor feathering of two kinds of pine caterpillars is studied by studying the indoor feathering of two kinds of pine caterpillars. The difference of the biological ecology of the Dendrolimus punctatus and the Dendrolimus punctatus was discussed in 4 aspects, including the oviposition selection of the adult, the ecological position analysis of the larvae and the analysis of the feeding of the larvae. The differentiation and the degree of overlap of the two kinds of pine caterpillars on the utilization of the host resources and their adaptability to the host selection were studied. The results were as follows: (1) The occurrence of two kinds of pine caterpillars and the use of the monitoring model were used to trap the first generation of the first generation of the Dendrolimus punctatus and the Caterpillars in the year. The results showed that the time period of the two kinds of Trichinella spiralis was very similar, and the adult began to appear in the first ten days of June. Continuing to the end of mid-July. The emergence of a peak in late June or early July. The results showed that the initial feathering period of the caterpillars was 5 days earlier than that of the Yunnan pine caterpillar. The feathering rhythm of the pine caterpillar in Yunnan is the "unimodal", the peak of the emergence is concentrated in the first ten days of October, the feathering rhythm of the caterpillars is "bimodal", and there are two feathering heights, which are in the first and the middle of October respectively. trapping the data with the first generation adults of the two pine caterpillars, and respectively counting the density of the worm mouth of the next generation of the pine caterpillar larvae in the trapping test area, The prediction model of the density fit of the adult and the next generation of the larvae of the Trichinella spiralis and the density of the adult worm of the next generation of the larvae of the Trichinella spiralis are obtained through the curve estimation. The ecological niche analysis is based on the ecological niche theory in the utilization of space resources and time resources on the feeding stage. The relationship between the larvae of the Dendrolimus punctatus and the larvae of Simao and the mechanism of competition and co-existence were quantitatively described. The results showed that the spatial niche breadth of the larvae of the Dendrolimus punctatus and the Dendrolimus punctatus in the old stage was 0.6423 and 0.5299, showing a wider distribution of the Yunnan pine caterpillar in the utilization of space resources. With the increasing of the age of the worm, the competition coefficient of the two kinds of pine caterpillars is increasing, indicating that with the approaching of the development period, the two kinds of pine caterpillars are more intense in the snatch of the nutrient resource. The niche breadth of the Dendrolimus punctatus is 0.9143, which is slightly higher than the niche breadth (0.8912) of the Dendrolimus punctatus from the time-niche of the two kinds of Dendrolimus punctatus, and from the niche overlap value, the Simao pine caterpillar (0.7738) is higher than that of the Yunnan pine caterpillar (0.731). It is suggested that the Dendrolimus punctatus is in danger during most of the damage period. In the light of the comprehensive view, the larvae of the Dendrolimus punctatus or the larvae of the Simagiella spiralis can maintain a relatively stable population in a certain period, do not have an outbreak period or a peak period during the hazard period, which can lead to the sustained and significant harm of the two pine caterpillars during the hazard period. On the other hand, it is also indicated that there are few factors that can threaten the development of the pine caterpillar and the pine caterpillar in the test area, and the host-selective study of the two kinds of pine caterpillars is based on the average egg drop, the percentage of the eggs and the number of the larvae on the different pine needles as the evaluation index. The oviposition and the selection of the larvae of Pinus kesiya var. langbianensis, Pinus kesiya var. langbianensis, P. armandi, P. tabulaeformis, P. bungeana, Pinus tabulaeformis, P. tabulaeformis, and Pinus bungeana were studied. The results showed that the average egg-drop percentage of the adult worm in Pinus keisei, Pinus armandii, Pinus tabulaeformis and Pinus tabulaeformis was 46.98%, 26.10%, 22.73% and 4.19%, respectively, and the average egg-dropping percentage of the Trichinella spiralis was 48.22%, the average percentage of the eggs on the Pinus tabulaeformis, the Chinese pine, the Pinus tabulaeformis and the Pinus tabulaeformis was 48.22%, respectively. 23.55%, 15.80%, 12.44%. In the 36-hour observation time, the feeding and selection of the four kinds of pine trees were not consistent with the larvae of the pine caterpillars of Yunnan and the larvae of the Simao-caterpillars, and they were not consistent with the egg-laying choice of the adults.
【学位授予单位】：山东农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S763.421
本文编号：2488634
[Abstract]:Dendrolimus houi Lajonquiqui and D. kikuchi Matsumura, an important forest pest, are often mixed in many regions, and the indoor feathering of two kinds of pine caterpillars is studied by studying the indoor feathering of two kinds of pine caterpillars. The difference of the biological ecology of the Dendrolimus punctatus and the Dendrolimus punctatus was discussed in 4 aspects, including the oviposition selection of the adult, the ecological position analysis of the larvae and the analysis of the feeding of the larvae. The differentiation and the degree of overlap of the two kinds of pine caterpillars on the utilization of the host resources and their adaptability to the host selection were studied. The results were as follows: (1) The occurrence of two kinds of pine caterpillars and the use of the monitoring model were used to trap the first generation of the first generation of the Dendrolimus punctatus and the Caterpillars in the year. The results showed that the time period of the two kinds of Trichinella spiralis was very similar, and the adult began to appear in the first ten days of June. Continuing to the end of mid-July. The emergence of a peak in late June or early July. The results showed that the initial feathering period of the caterpillars was 5 days earlier than that of the Yunnan pine caterpillar. The feathering rhythm of the pine caterpillar in Yunnan is the "unimodal", the peak of the emergence is concentrated in the first ten days of October, the feathering rhythm of the caterpillars is "bimodal", and there are two feathering heights, which are in the first and the middle of October respectively. trapping the data with the first generation adults of the two pine caterpillars, and respectively counting the density of the worm mouth of the next generation of the pine caterpillar larvae in the trapping test area, The prediction model of the density fit of the adult and the next generation of the larvae of the Trichinella spiralis and the density of the adult worm of the next generation of the larvae of the Trichinella spiralis are obtained through the curve estimation. The ecological niche analysis is based on the ecological niche theory in the utilization of space resources and time resources on the feeding stage. The relationship between the larvae of the Dendrolimus punctatus and the larvae of Simao and the mechanism of competition and co-existence were quantitatively described. The results showed that the spatial niche breadth of the larvae of the Dendrolimus punctatus and the Dendrolimus punctatus in the old stage was 0.6423 and 0.5299, showing a wider distribution of the Yunnan pine caterpillar in the utilization of space resources. With the increasing of the age of the worm, the competition coefficient of the two kinds of pine caterpillars is increasing, indicating that with the approaching of the development period, the two kinds of pine caterpillars are more intense in the snatch of the nutrient resource. The niche breadth of the Dendrolimus punctatus is 0.9143, which is slightly higher than the niche breadth (0.8912) of the Dendrolimus punctatus from the time-niche of the two kinds of Dendrolimus punctatus, and from the niche overlap value, the Simao pine caterpillar (0.7738) is higher than that of the Yunnan pine caterpillar (0.731). It is suggested that the Dendrolimus punctatus is in danger during most of the damage period. In the light of the comprehensive view, the larvae of the Dendrolimus punctatus or the larvae of the Simagiella spiralis can maintain a relatively stable population in a certain period, do not have an outbreak period or a peak period during the hazard period, which can lead to the sustained and significant harm of the two pine caterpillars during the hazard period. On the other hand, it is also indicated that there are few factors that can threaten the development of the pine caterpillar and the pine caterpillar in the test area, and the host-selective study of the two kinds of pine caterpillars is based on the average egg drop, the percentage of the eggs and the number of the larvae on the different pine needles as the evaluation index. The oviposition and the selection of the larvae of Pinus kesiya var. langbianensis, Pinus kesiya var. langbianensis, P. armandi, P. tabulaeformis, P. bungeana, Pinus tabulaeformis, P. tabulaeformis, and Pinus bungeana were studied. The results showed that the average egg-drop percentage of the adult worm in Pinus keisei, Pinus armandii, Pinus tabulaeformis and Pinus tabulaeformis was 46.98%, 26.10%, 22.73% and 4.19%, respectively, and the average egg-dropping percentage of the Trichinella spiralis was 48.22%, the average percentage of the eggs on the Pinus tabulaeformis, the Chinese pine, the Pinus tabulaeformis and the Pinus tabulaeformis was 48.22%, respectively. 23.55%, 15.80%, 12.44%. In the 36-hour observation time, the feeding and selection of the four kinds of pine trees were not consistent with the larvae of the pine caterpillars of Yunnan and the larvae of the Simao-caterpillars, and they were not consistent with the egg-laying choice of the adults.
【学位授予单位】：山东农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S763.421
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