当代生命价值观教育研究

发布时间：2018-08-31 07:45

【摘要】：马克思主义唯物论认为,人的生命活动是有意识的,这意味着人不仅是生物性的存在,人的超越性本质和对真善美的追求,使人具有了不同于动物的超越性生命,即价值生命。人的价值生命的实现是人接受、认同社会普遍的生命价值观,形成相应的较为稳定的行为品格并将之付诸实践的过程,在这一过程中,生命价值观教育起着基础性的作用。在现代社会中,经济市场化、政治民主化、文化世俗化以及价值多元化对人的生命价值意识产生了重大影响,这些影响自然具有积极和消极双重效果,从积极方面来看,诸如生命的平等意识、个性意识、自由意识、参与意识以及责任意识的觉醒与提高,就是其重要表征；而从消极方面来看,则导致了当代生命价值意识的危机,这主要表现在：工具理性的膨胀与人的目的性价值意识的遗忘；消费主义的流行与人的精神生命价值意识的迷失；科学主义的发展与生命神圣性价值意识的消解；价值相对主义、价值虚无主义与人的形上价值意识的坠落等等。这种现状对现代生命价值观教育提出了新的挑战,如何通过现代生命价值观教育来重构现代人合理的生命价值意识,已成为一个十分紧迫的时代课题。这也是本论文选题的依据和价值之所在。本论文在充分考察国内外对这一问题的研究现状的基础上,既充分吸收其合理成分,又突破其研究的局限,补充完善其不足。论文的主体由四大部分组成,着重探讨了四个方面的问题。其内容如下：一、在对生命价值观和生命价值观教育等基本概念进行闸释的基础上,结合新中国成立以来生命价值观教育的历史与现状以及当代条件下人的生命价值意识的危机,指出当代生命价值观教育必须与时俱进,提出了重构合理的生命价值意识是现代生命价值观教育的首要目标的观点。这部分内容主要在第一章。二、对当代生命价值观教育的理论基础和思想资源进行了分析和梳理。当代生命价值观教育必须以对人的科学理解为理论前提。论文从生物学的角度和社会文化的角度对人的自然属性和社会本质做了多层次的解读,特别强调了对马克思关于人的本质是“社会关系的总和”这一命题的正确解读,从而为当代生命价值意识的重构提供了理论支点。生命价值观教育是一个历久常新的话题,因此,无论是在中国还是在西方,都留下了极为丰富的生命价值观教育的资源,论文就中西方生命价值观教育的主流形态以及马克思主义的生命价值观教育作了梳理,总结了其经验与不足,以期为当代牛命价值观教育提供借鉴。这部分内容主要在第二章。三、对当代生命价值观教育的主要内容做了较为系统的分析与阐释。当代牛命价值观教育的重要使命是重构当代生命价值意识,这涉及到教育者把什么样的生命价值观灌输给受教育者的问题。论文从尊重生命、善化生命和美化生命三个层次上对当代生命价值观作了系统分析,指出尊重生命是当代生命价值意识教育的基础,善化生命是当代生命价值意识教育的升华,而美化生命则是当代生命价值意识教育的超越。尊重生命与生命具有独特的、不可替代价值以及生命平等的观点紧密相连,善化生命则要求人们在尊重生命的基础上具备使命意识和担当意识,自觉主动去承担对自然、对社会、对他人的责任,美化生命则以人对自由的追求为理论前提,认为,从境界形态上讲,美化生命需要人们在形下世界的生活中实现形上超越,如冯友兰先生讲的“天地境界”,亦如中国传统哲学的“即下学而上达”；从实践层面上讲,美化生命则是人的本质力量的对象化,即按照“美的规律”来塑造世界与自我；从理想层而上讲,则是“人的自由而全面发展”。“人的自由而全面发展”作为一个哲学命题,是指人在生活世界中通过自己的活动去涵摄人类发展的所有成果以及人的对象性关系的全面生成。尊重生命、善化生命、美化生命构成当代生命价值观教育的较为完整的内容系统。这部分内容分布于论文的第三、第四、第五章。四、对当代生命价值观教育的原则、途径和方法以及实践做了阐释。生命价值观教育的原则有自然性原则、生活化原则、体验性原则、基础性原则等。运用当代生命价值观教育方法的要求有针对性、灵活性和综合性,当代生命价值观教育方法有很多,如说理教育法、情感陶冶体验法、团结协作学习法、心理咨询辅导法等等。当代生命价值观教育的途径是通过学校教育、家庭教育和社会教育形成合力,对社会成员进行科学的生命价值观教育。
[Abstract]:Marxist materialism holds that human life activities are conscious, which means that human beings are not only biological beings, but also transcendental nature and pursuit of truth, goodness and beauty, which make human beings possess transcendental life different from animals, that is, value life. In modern society, the marketization of economy, the democratization of politics, the secularization of culture and the pluralism of values have exerted a great influence on people's consciousness of life value. These influences naturally have accumulated. From the positive aspect, such as the consciousness of equality in life, the consciousness of individuality, the consciousness of freedom, the consciousness of participation and the consciousness of responsibility, the awakening and improvement are the important symbols of the negative and negative effects, while from the negative aspect, it leads to the crisis of the contemporary life value consciousness, which is mainly manifested in the expansion of instrumental rationality and the goal of human beings. The forgetting of sexual value consciousness, the popularity of consumerism and the loss of people's spiritual life value consciousness, the development of scientism and the dissolution of life sacred value consciousness, value relativism, value nihilism and the fall of people's metaphysical value consciousness and so on. This situation puts forward a new challenge to modern life value education. How to reconstruct the reasonable life value consciousness of modern people through modern life value education has become a very urgent issue of the times.
On the basis of a thorough investigation of the current research on this issue at home and abroad, this paper not only fully absorbs its reasonable components, but also breaks through its limitations and complements its deficiencies.
First, on the basis of explaining the basic concepts of life values and life values education, combining with the history and current situation of life values education since the founding of New China and the crisis of people's life values consciousness under contemporary conditions, this paper points out that contemporary life values education must keep pace with the times, and puts forward to reconstruct the reasonable life values. Consciousness is the first goal of modern life values education.
Secondly, the theoretical basis and ideological resources of contemporary life values education are analyzed and sorted out. The contemporary life values education must be based on the scientific understanding of human beings. The correct interpretation of the proposition that the essence of human being is the sum of social relations provides a theoretical support for the reconstruction of contemporary life value consciousness.Life value education is a long-standing and new topic.Therefore, both in China and in the West, it has left abundant resources for life value education. This paper reviews the mainstream forms of life values education in China and the West as well as Marxist life values education, and summarizes its experience and shortcomings in order to provide reference for contemporary life values education.
Thirdly, the main contents of contemporary life values education are systematically analyzed and explained. The important mission of contemporary life values education is to reconstruct the contemporary life values consciousness, which involves what kind of life values educators instill into the educated. This paper makes a systematic analysis of contemporary values of life and points out that respecting life is the basis of contemporary education of life value consciousness, improving life is the sublimation of contemporary education of life value consciousness, and beautifying life is the transcendence of contemporary education of life value consciousness. The idea of beautifying life requires people to have the sense of mission and responsibility on the basis of respecting life, consciously and actively assume responsibility for nature, society and others, and beautify life on the theoretical premise of human pursuit of freedom. The realization of metaphysical transcendence in life, such as the "realm of heaven and earth" mentioned by Mr. Feng Youlan, is also like the "from school to reach" of Chinese traditional philosophy; from the practical level, beautifying life is the objectification of human essential strength, that is, to shape the world and self according to the "law of beauty"; from the ideal level, it is "human freedom and completeness". As a philosophical proposition, man's free and all-round development refers to the comprehensive generation of all the achievements of man's development and the objective relations of man through his own activities in the world of life. Respecting life, benefiting life and beautifying life constitute a relatively complete content system of contemporary life values education. This part is distributed in the third, fourth and fifth chapters of the paper.
Fourthly, it explains the principles, ways and methods of contemporary life values education and its practice. The principles of life values education include natural principles, living principles, experiential principles, basic principles and so on. There are many methods, such as reasoning education, emotional cultivation experience, solidarity and cooperation learning, psychological counseling and guidance, etc.
【学位授予单位】：湖南师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：D64

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