基于语料库的中国硕士生毕业论文英文摘要的体裁分析

发布时间：2018-03-19 12:35

本文选题：语料库研究　切入点：体裁分析　出处：《湖南大学》2011年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：作为研究报告的一个缩影,摘要是交流精髓内容的桥梁。随着科学研究的日趋国际化,许多中国学者能够通过论文的发表与世界同行分享他们的研究成果。然而,摘要是呈现研究的最简单且最便捷的方法。所以对于一名非英语专业的硕士生来说,写一篇高质量的英文摘要是非常重要且有意义的。作为一种语篇形式,论文摘要体现了一定的交际目的,并且有某种特定的语篇结构。因此,许多学者都对论文摘要的写作产生了浓厚的兴趣。近年来,对于摘要的研究越来越多,但是,像作者这样,对多学科的毕业论文摘要写作的概括研究微乎其微。运用ESP体裁分析理论,本文对三个不同学科的硕士毕业论文英文摘要的体裁进行了研究,文科领域的高等教育学,理科领域的物理学,工科领域的市政工程。为了调查毕业论文英文摘要的宏观结构特征和微观语言特征,作者基于一个自建的语料库对其进行了定性和定量研究。作者从2009年发表的万方数据库当中随机的在每科当中抽取了30篇,搜集了共90篇毕业论文摘要。基于Bhatia在1993年提出的IMRD模型以及GB7713-87(中华人民共和国国家标准的科技论文,学位论文和学术论文的编写格式)分析了该数据库摘要的宏观结构和微观语言特征。IMRD模型具体是指论文摘要中应包含的语步,分别是Introduction, Method, Results and Discussion四个语步。研究的主要结果是：1)数据库中的大部分摘要是两个或三个语步模式,只有14篇摘要是4语步模式。在三个学科中,引言,方法语步都是作者很重视的,出现频率很高,但是作者倾向于省略讨论语步。就结果语步而言,理工科中的大多数作者表现的比较好,然而在教育学中,此语步出现的不多,并且作者不善于列举所得结果;2)根据GB7713-87,我们知道摘要要包括四个语步,并且重点应放在结果与结论语步。由此可见,从结构的角度出发,数据库中的绝大多数摘要是有待改进的；3)对语言特征的考察表明：就时态而言,得出的结果跟Cooley and Lewkowics (2003)提出观点有所不同,论文除了出现一般现在时,一般过去式和现在完成时这三种常用时态外,也少量出现了一般将来时,过去完成时和现在进行时；就语态而言,主动语态出现的频率很高,只有少数同学在Method语步和Results语步中运用了被动语态,这与以往的研究结果相符；就人称代词而言,在理工工科中,第一人称代词出现的频率很高,但是都是已复数形式出现的。而在文科中,用三人称单数的频率很高,根据GB6447-86文摘编写规则,为了强调论文的客观可靠性,都应该用三人称的形式来阐述每一项研究。由此可见,就语言特征而言,也存在着一定的问题,希望此项研究结果能够引起广大学生的认真思考。研究结果表明,无论从宏观结构还是从微观语言特征而言,我国非英语专业硕士研究生在写英文论文摘要时存在着很大的不足。很多高校没有开设论文写作课程致使学生不了解英文摘要编写的具体要求可能是造成这种结果的主要原因。本研究可让读者注意到英语论文摘要的标准格式,从而帮助他们进行有效的摘要写作,并提高论文发表量。本项研究的局限性在于研究的数据库不够大,选择的专业有限。此研究只能算是通向研究顶点的一级阶梯,还需要其他学者添砖加瓦。
[Abstract]:As a microcosm of the research report, is the essence of the communication bridge. With the content of scientific research is becoming more international, many scholars published papers Chinese can share their results with the world counterparts. However, this method is the simplest and most convenient of the present research. So for a non English professional master students write a high quality English abstract is very important and significant. As a discourse form, abstract embodies certain communicative purposes, and have a particular discourse structure. Therefore, many scholars are on the abstract writing had a strong interest in recent years. For more, study more and abstract but, as the author of this multi-disciplinary graduation thesis abstract writing summary research very little.
The use of ESP genre analysis theory, this paper studied the genre of three different disciplines graduate English abstract, higher education in the field of Arts, science and Engineering in the field of physics, the field of municipal engineering. In order to investigate the macro node graduation English structure features and micro linguistic features, the author of a corpus the qualitative and quantitative research. Based on the author from 2009 published in Wanfang database were randomly in each of which 30 pieces are selected, collected a total of 90 graduate paper. The IMRD model proposed by Bhatia in 1993 and GB7713-87 (based on the national standard of People's Republic of China science and technology papers, dissertations and scientific papers writing format) analyzes the macro structure of the database and the micro linguistic features of the.IMRD model specifically refers to the move should be included in abstracts, respectively is I Ntroduction, Method, Results and Discussion four steps.
The main results of the study are: 1) most of the database is two or three moves, only 14 abstracts is 4 move model. Introduction in three subjects, and methods are the author moves very seriously, the frequency is very high, but the authors tend to omit discussion move results. The moves, most authors in science engineering better, but in education, this step is not much, and the author is not listed at the results; 2) according to the GB7713-87, we know that the four moves to include, and should focus on results and conclusion moves thus, starting from the perspective of structure, the vast majority of the database is to be improved; 3) the study of language characteristics shows that the temporal, the results obtained with Cooley and Lewkowics (2003) put forward a different view, in addition to the general appearance of now When the past tense and the present perfect tense of the three commonly used, but also a small amount of the future tense, past perfect tense; on the voice, active voice frequency is very high, only a few students use the passive voice in the Method language and Results language step by step, the results. With the previous studies; for personal pronouns, in science and technology and engineering, the first person pronouns appear frequently, but are plural. Appeared in the liberal arts, with the three person singular frequency is very high, according to the GB6447-86 article excerpts of writing rules, in order to emphasize the objective reliability, should to illustrate each of the studies in the three person form. Thus, the language features, there are some problems, I hope the results of this study can cause serious consideration of the students.
The results of the study show that, whether from the macro or the micro structure characteristics of language, English major postgraduates are short in writing English Abstract non Chinese. Many universities did not set up the writing course that students do not understand the specific requirements of English written may be the main reason for this result of this study. Can let the reader's attention to the standard format of English abstracts, to help them effectively in writing, and increase the number of papers published. The limitation of this study is that the database is not big enough to choose the professional limited. This research is only to study the vertices of a ladder, but also other scholars..

【学位授予单位】：湖南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：H315

【参考文献】