非谓语动词讲解形式_非谓语动词表格_高中英语非谓语动词讲解及练习

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  本文关键词：非谓语动词讲解，由笔耕文化传播整理发布。

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高中英语非谓语动词讲解及练习 2012-08-24

非谓语动词是指分词(包括现在分词和过去分词)、不定式、动名词等三种形式，，即：

doing , done , to do , doing 。当然它们有各自不同的变化形式，如：

现在分词 doing : 有being done(被动式) ; having done (完成式); having been do

ne (完成被动式)

不定式 to do : 有to be done (被动式); to have done (完成式); to be doing(进行式)

动名词 doing : 有having done(完成式); being done(被动式) ;

非谓语动词的特点： 三种非谓语动词都具有动词的特征，虽然它们没有人称和数的变化，但是它们都能带自己的状语或有时跟宾语。它们都有各自的特征：分词具有形容词和副词的特征;动名词具有名词的特征;不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征。具体来讲：分词在句子中可以做定语、表语、状语或补足语等;动名词在句子中可以做主语、宾语、表语等;不定式在句子中可以做主语、宾语、表语、补足语或状语。

下面分别对三种非谓语动词进行讲解：

一．动词不定式

先看几个例句，判断不定式在句中的成分。

1.To learn a foreign language is difficult .

2. His wish is to be a driver .

3.Tom wanted to have a cup of beer .

4.The teacher told us to do morning exercises .

5.I have nothing to say .

6.They went to see their aunt .

7.It’s easy to see their aunt.

8.I don’t know what to do next .

9.I heard them make a noise .

说明：1.动词不定式作主语, 2.动词不定式作表语,3.动词不定式作宾语,4.动词不定式作宾语补足语，5.动词不定式作定语,6.动词不定式作目的状语,7.动词不定式作真正主语，it 代替动词不定式，作形式主语。8.带有连接代词的动词不定式作宾语,9.不带to 的动词不定式作宾语补足语。

掌握动词不定式应注意的几个问题：

1. “to” 是不定式符号还是介词，下列短语中的to 都是介词。

agree to object to close to , come to , lead to , refer to ,

equal to , familiar to , point to , thank to , devote to , next to , belong to , be used to , look forward to

2. 带to 还是不带to

I have no choice but to give in

I cannot do anything but give in

I saw him enter the classroom .

( 但是： He was seen to enter the classroom .)

3. 动词不定式逻辑主语是由for 作为标记的。但是有时用of .

It’s necessary for you to study hard .

It’s foolish of him to do it .

与of 连用的形容词有：

good, kind , nice , wise ,clever , foolish , right , wrong , careful , careless , polite , possible

4.后接不定式作宾语的动词有：

want , hope , wish , like , begin , try , need , forget , agree , know , promise , teach , refuse , help , arrange , dare , decide , determine , fail , manage , offer , prepare , continue , ask , mean , choose , expect etc.

需要宾语补足语的动词不能用动词不定式直接做介词的宾语，而要用it做形式宾语。例如：通常不说We think to obey the laws is important . 而说We think it important to obey the laws .

5.不定式的省略。下列短语中，如果意义明确，常常省略到to 。

want to , wish to ,hope to , like to , hate to , plan to , try to , love to , have to , o

ught to , need to , used to , be able to

6.不定式作定语，应注意两种关系：

1)动宾关系：

He has a lot of meeting to attend .

Please lend me something to write with .

He is looking for a room to live

He is looking for a room to live in .

He has no money and no place

to live ( in ) .

I think the best way to travel ( by ) is on foot .

There is no time to think ( about ) .

2)主谓关系：

She is always the last ( person) to speak at the meeting .

----I’m going to the post office , for I have a letter to post . ( 逻辑主语是I )

-------Thank you. But I have no letters to be posted now ( 逻辑主语不是I )

7.不定式作状语，可以有以下几种意义：

1) 原因

He is lucky to get here on time .

这种结构中常用的形容词有：

happy , glad , delighted , pleased , sorry , eager , anxious . lucky , fortunate , proud , angry surprised , frightened , disappointed , ready , clever , foolish , worthy

2) 目的

He came to help me with my maths .

3) 结果

I hurried to get there only to find him out .

The book is too hard for the boy to read .

He is old enough to go to school .

8 . 不定式作补足语

I saw him play in the street just now .

能跟不带to 的不定式作补足语的动词有：

see , feel , hear , listen to , look at , watch , let , have make, observe, notice

注: 当这些词为被动式时，不定式要带to , 如：

He was seen to play in the street just now.

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二．动名词

Learning English is very difficult .

学英语非常困难。

His job is driving a bus .

他的工作是开车。

I enjoy dancing .

我喜欢跳舞。

I have got used to living in the country .

我已经习惯了住农村。

Take some sleeping tablets , and you will soon fall asleep .

吃点安眠药，你很快就会入睡。

注意以下几种结构：

1.There’s no telling what will happen .

=It’s impossible to tell what will happen .

= No one can tell what will happen .

2.It’s no use talking with him .

It’s no good speaking to them like that .

3.There’s some difficulty ( in ) doing …

在此句型中,difficulty 可以由以下单词替换:

trouble , problem , fun , pleasure , a good time , a hard time

注意以下几个问题：

1.下列动词后跟不定式与跟动名词作宾语意义有区别，

forget to do … 忘记要做某事

forget doing… 忘记做了某事

remember to do…记住要做某事

remember doing …记着做了某事

mean to do … 有意要做某事

mean doing … 意味着做了某事

regret to do … 对要做的事表示后悔

regret doing … 对做过去的事后悔

can’t help to do…不能帮助做某事

can’t help doing … 情不自禁做某事

try to do … 尽力去做某事

try doing 试着做某事

learn to do … 学着去做某事

learn doing … 学会做某事

stop to do … 停下来去做(另一件事)

stop doing … 停止做某事

go on to do … 接着做(另外一件事)

go on doing … 继续做某事

used to do … 过去做某事

be used to doing … 习惯做某事

2.动名词作定语与现在分词作定语意义有区别

动名词作定语表达 n+ for doing 的含义

现在分词作定语表达 n+which(who) be doing的含义

如：a sleeping car = a car for sleeping

a running horse = a horse which is running

前者是动名词 ， 后者是现在分词

又如： drinking water , walking stick running water , sleeping boy

3. 动名词的逻辑主语：

动名词的逻辑主语为代词或名词的所有格形式。

例如：His coming made us very happy .

4.动名词的语态和时态

5. 动名词主动形式表被动的情况：

need doing , want doing , require doing

例如： This room needs painting . 这个房间需要粉刷。

6.只能跟动名词作宾语的动词：

admit , avoid , advise , consider , delay , deny , enjoy , escape , excuse , fancy , finish , complete , forbid , imagine , mind , miss , permit . practise , require , suggest , risk , keep, take to , look forward to , get down to , feel like , can’t help , can’t stand , be used to ,insist on , succeed in , set about, give up , include ,

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三．分词

1 The story is interesting . I’m interested in it .

这个故事有兴趣，我对这个故事感兴趣。

2 . This is a moving film .

这是一部动人的电影。

3. The secretary worked late into the night , preparing a long speech for the president .

秘书工作到深夜，为主席准备一篇长篇演讲稿。

4. Given more time , I’ll do it well .

如果给我多一点时间，我会做的更好。

When he passed the back of the street , he saw the thief stealing some money from the bank .

当他后街时，看到小偷正从银行偷钱。

应注意的几个问题：

1.现在分词与过去分词的区别

Do you know the woman talking to Tom ?

= Do you know the woman who is talking to Tom ?

The soldier wounded in the war has become a doctor.

= The soldier who was wounded in the war has become a doctor.

China is a developing country and America is a developed country.

2.分词作表语

The news sounds encouraging .

They got very excited .

1)现在分词与过去分词作表语的区别：

The news is interesting .

He is interested in the news .

doing 作表语，主语与表语是主谓关系 ;done 作表语，主语与表语是动宾关系。

2)表语与被动式的区别：

The blackboard was broken by Xiao Ming .(强调动作)

The blackboard is broken . You’d better have it repaired.(强调状态)

3)常作表语的过去分词：

amused , injured , covered , known , dressed , lost , broken , gone , delighted, excited , pleased , satisfied , married , worried , surprised , interested , burnt , shut , crowded , wounded , drank , done

3.现在分词、动名词 现在进行时的区别

The situation in our country is encouraging . (表语)

The situation in our country is encouraging the people . ( 现在进行时)

My job is looking after the little baby . (动名词)

能回答how-question 的是现在分词，能回答what-question 的动名词，即不能回答how-question 也不能回答what-question 的是现在进行时。

例如： How is the situation in our country ? It is encouraging .

What is your job ? My job is looking after the little baby .

4.注意的四种结构：

have something to do 有某事要做

have something done 使某事被做

have somebody do something 使某人做某事

have something doing 让某事一直做着

5. 需要跟反身代词作宾语的动词：

seat , prepare , hide , dress

如：I seated myself on the chair .

I was seated on the chair .

6.分词做状语与不定式的区别：

分词做状语表示时间、原因、让步、 条件、方式、伴随等;而不定式表示目的和结果。

Having finished the homework , I went home . ( 时间)

Being a Party member , I should work hard . (原因)

Given more time ,I can do my work better . ( 条件 )

He ran out of the classroom ,shouting at the boy. ( 伴随)

To get more knowledge , we must work harder and harder . ( 目的 )

He is old enough to join the army . ( 结果)

7.分词、动名词和不定式作定语的区别

a running horse 现在分词 = a horse that is running

a fallen leaf 过去分词 = a leaf that has already fallen

a walking stick 动名词 = a stick for walking

something to do 不定式 = something that I should do

8.不定式被动式、分词的被动式和过去分词的区别：

I have a problem to be discussed at the meeting . ( 将来)

The building being built on the river is the Science Museum . (正在进行)

The building completed three years ago is now in bad conditions . ( 过去)

9.分词做状语需要注意的一个问题：

分词与句子主语的逻辑关系

Seeing from the hill , the city looks beautiful .( 错误 )

Seen from the hill , the city looks beautiful . ( 正确)

Seeing 与the city 不是主谓关系;seen 与city 是动宾关系

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练习

I .单项选择

1.Most of the people _____ to the party were famous scientists.

A. invited B. to invite C. being invited D. inviting

2. ______ many times, but he still couldn’t understand it .

A. Having being told B. Though had been told C. He was told

D. Having told

3. She reached the top of the hill and stopped _____ on a big rock by the side of the path .

A.to have rested B. testing C. to rest D. rest

4. The next morning she found the man ______ in bed , dead .

A. lying B. lie C. lay D. laying

5. The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier , _______ it more difficult .

A. to make B. not to make C. not making D. to not make

6 . The Olympic Games , _____ in 776 B.C., did not include women plays until 1912 .

A.first playing B.to be first played C. first played D. to be first playing

7 . ---You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting .

---- Well , now I regret ____________that .

A. to do B. to be doing C. to have done D. having done

8 . The visiting Minister expressed his satisfaction with talks , _______ that he had enjoyed his stay here .

A. having added B. to add C. adding D. added

9 . _______ a reply , he decided to write again .

A. Not receiving B. Receiving not C. Not having received D. Having not received

10.The speaker raised his voice, but he still couldn’t make himself ________ .

A. hear B. to hear C. hearing D. heard

Robert is said ___ abroad , but I don’t know what country be studied in .

to have studied B. to study C. to be studying D. to have been studying

II . 用动词的正确形式填空

1. Little Tom should love ________ ( take ) to the theatre this evening .

2. Paul doesn’t have to be made _______ ( learn ) . He always works hard .

3. The computer centre , ______ ( open )last year , is very popular among the students in this school .

4. Go on _____( do ) the other exercise after you have finished this one .

5. How about two of us ______ ( take ) a walk down the garden .

答案：

I

1.A 2.C 3.C 4.A 5.B 6.C 7.D 8.C 9.C 10.D

II

1.to be taken ; 2.to learn ; 3.opened ;4.to do ; 5.taking

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