中国太阳光（光伏）产业政策

发布时间：2017-07-17 16:45

中文摘要

从能源战略的未来趋势来看，中国发展太阳能光伏产业具有非常广阔的前景，有利于实现低碳经济，优化能源结构，适应经济结构调整和升级的需要，开拓新能源。随着光伏上网电价逐步落实和国家五年规划的颁布及实施，光伏产业的规模在逐步扩大，并且实现了国际范围内的竞争优势。

光伏产业经过将近20年的快速发展，已经步入稳定增长的阶段。国内光伏产品主要用于出口目的，国外需求比国内需求更加旺盛，但由于欧洲国家经济增长的放缓，欧债危机的影响始终难以消除，各个国家开始强化自身对光伏产业的保护，调整光伏产业和贸易的有关政策，使国内的光伏产业面临着较为严峻的外部环境，国内光伏产业需要在内外部复杂的环境中实现转型、升级。而近年来中国光伏产业的快速发展是与国家的产业扶持和法律支撑密不可分的，国内的光伏产业在面临转型时，，也会面临新的问题。这些新的问题解决，既需要企业的主动有为，也需要国家在法律环境和税收等方面给予必要的支撑。
论文对于光伏产业进行了深入的分析，包括中国光伏产业的发展状况，各国光伏产业政策之间的对比，产业政策与企业表现等因素之间的实证分析等，通过系统性的分析，论文得出了如下结论： 
首先，各国之间发展光伏产业需要考虑本国的实际情况和产业的具体发展阶段。德国使用上网电价法的办法，用高价收购光伏的发电，能够很好地刺激光伏产品的生产厂家和投资者，带动整个产业的发展。而日本则基于资源贫乏，需要扩充能源来源，针对新能源产业的发展，制定了优惠的政策，使用包括补贴和上网电价、研发扶持等方面的政策，使日本年国内的光伏产业能够稳健发展，持续增长。美国对于光伏产业的扶持政策主要体现在对光伏产品的生产厂家采取菜款优惠和税收减免等措施上，使用发达的金融市场，为光伏产业的发展提供融资保障。
其次，中国的光伏产业政策需要实现根本性的转变，即从以前的对光伏产品的直接生产厂商的补贴，转化成对光伏终端的补贴，能够提升补贴效果，也有利于在国际竞争中取得有利的地位，通过学习国外的先进经验，能够为我所有，实现国内相关产业的发展。在具体扶持政策方面，则可以使用终端补贴、研发扶持、税收减免和上网电价法等相结合，突出政策的组合优势。
最后，论文经过实证分析指出，在政府公布支持光伏产业的有关政策后，光伏板块的有关企业股票价格出现大幅的上涨，这些研究可以看出，国家层面的政策支持能够带动投资者对于光伏产业发展的正面预期，并且能够获得很好的未来收益，这会支持投资者对光伏产业的投资行为。 
关键词：光伏产业，产业政策，实证分析

Abstract
From the view of future development strategy, the development of solar photovoltaic industry is the only way to ensure the development of low carbon economy, energy supply, economic restructuring, and to open up new energy markets. In 2011, with the implementation of the national photovoltaic network tariff and the promulgation of the new plan, the scale of the photovoltaic power industry has increased gradually and the degree of internationalization has even more enhanced.
China's photovoltaic industry has developed for nearly 20 years. In 2001 China PV industry officially entered into the rapid development period. From 2006 to 2007, it entered into the explosive growth stage. In 2008 because of the financial crisis, its development fell into the trough. From 2009 to 2012, the yields soared again. In 2010 China's photovoltaic cell production reached 10500MW, accounting for over 50% of the world production. However most of the photovoltaic cells in China export. The domestic photovoltaic application industry began to develop in 2005. The installed capacity of the domestic photovoltaic power equipment by 2010 was less than 2000MW. The demand for domestic solar cells and modules did not match with its output, which resulted in that the domestic components and battery manufacturers relied mainly on foreign markets, such as Europe and America. In 2012 considering the protect for the photovoltaic industry and the influence of the debt crisis, European countries has adjusted their own photovoltaic solar trade policies, and slowed down the pace of development of photovoltaic industry. Therefor the domestic photovoltaic manufacturing entered into the trough again. After the baptism, the domestic photovoltaic industry began the transition. 
The rapid development of Chinese PV industry in recent years is inseparable from the support of national policy and the guidance of the law. Industrial transformation will face "transition pains", which means that the original problems of the industry do not solve and transition will bring new problems. Compared to Germany, Japan and other developed countries, the institutional development of the relevant laws is relatively late, and do not find answers to solve some problems of China's photovoltaic power industry. Therefore, to improve the promotion of photovoltaic power industry’s legal system can effectively solve this dilemma. 
As a part of strategic emerging industry in China, the photovoltaic industry has been in rapid development in recent years. And the huge demands for the international market based on policy incentives as well as the national support policies are the main reasons for rapid development of Chinese PV industry. Undoubtedly, given the current high costs of solar power, policies are the fundamental power for the development of the photovoltaic industry. In this paper, the author conducts the discussion based on the two issues, namely the healthy development of photovoltaic industry needs what kind of support policies and how are the effects of support policies and get the following conclusions:
First, countries should develop their own PV industry, and combined with their specific situations, they consider the development stages of the photovoltaic industry. In the world, Germany put forward the feed-in tariff method. Through the way of forced buying in high prices, it can stimulate investors’ demand for photovoltaic systems and lead to the rapid development of photovoltaic industry. Due to energy shortages, Japan makes the layout of the new energy industry early. By the way of subsidies, tariff and research support, Japan’s PV industry has been in rapid and steady development. The US PV supporting policies focus on the subsidized loans, tax incentives and other financing mechanisms, taking advantage of their well-developed financial market conditions.
Second, China’s PV support policies should be made from subsidies on the initial manufacturers of photovoltaic industry to subsidies on photovoltaic system terminal while learning the advanced and proven industrial policies around the world. It has combined the tariff act, terminal subsidies, research and development support, tax incentives and educational campaigns to form a comprehensive support policy system.
Third, through rigorous empirical, the author finds that after the government released the selected PV industry support policies, the stock prices (mainly stocks) in photovoltaic sectors rise significantly, suggesting that investors are very optimistic about the future of the photovoltaic industry. Making investment decisions in PV industry now can get benefits in the future while the long-term impacts of policies on industry will affect the investment decisions. 
Keyword: Photovoltaic industry,industrial policy, the empirical analysis

Table of Contents

中文摘要 1
Abstract 2
Chapter 1 Introduction 6
1.1 Research Background 6
1.2 Significance of Research 8
Chapter 2 Literature Review 10
2.1 Definition of Photovoltaic industry 10
2.2 Legal System and Policy in China’s PV power industry 13
2.2.1 Current Legislation 13
2.2.2 Overview of the principal legal promoting systems 14
2.3 Development of China’s PV industry 17
2.3.1 The Initial Stage(2000-2004) and function of Government 17
2.3.2 New Development stage(2005 - 2010) and function of government 20
2.3.3 Recession stage (since 2011)and the function of government 26
Chapter 3 Comparison of photovoltaic policies in different countries 29
3.1 Germany 29
3.1.1 German tariff system 29
3.1.2 “Hundreds of thousands Roofs Plan” 31
3.2 Japan 32
3.2.1 PV system’s installation and subsidy system 33
3.2.2 PV tax system 34
3.2.3 Low-interest financing system 35
3.3 The United States 35
3.4 Summary of Comparison among different countries 38
Chapter 4 Empirical Analysis 39
4.1 Analysis of Two events 39
4.2 events analysis method and its application in this dissertation 39
4.3 estimate parameters and calculation 39
4.4 Indexes calucation of NR and AR 40
4.5 Emphical process 41
4.6 Result of Emphical Analysis 41
4.6.1 The analysis of Event One 41
4.6.2 The analysis of Event Two 44
Chapter 5 Suggestions and Recommendations 46
5.1 Perfect recommendations of target total system 46
5.2 Suggestions for mandatory access system 46
5.3 Improvement recommendations of tariff price system 48
5.4 Improvement recommendations of fiscal and financial promotion system 48
Chapter 6 Conclusions 50
References 52

Chapter 1 Introduction

1.1 Research Background

With the support of traditional energy, our society has developed rapidly. However pollution and scarcity of traditional energy has been paid much attention around the world. The world has now realized that global development can no longer make coal, oil and other traditional fossil fuels as a main support. And such kind of development model, which consumes non renewable energy, will push us to the destruction of humanity and planet sooner or later. As a huge potential for development, solar photovoltaic industry has received much attention and the growth rate of the global PV industry is very alarming.
hapter 6 Conclusions
As a part of strategic emerging industry in China, the photovoltaic industry has been in rapid development in recent years. And the huge demands for the international market based on policy incentives as well as the national support policies are the main reasons for rapid development of Chinese PV industry. Undoubtedly, given the current high costs of solar power, policies are the fundamental power for the development of the photovoltaic industry. In this paper, the author conducts the discussion based on the two issues, namely the healthy development of photovoltaic industry needs what kind of support policies and how are the effects of support policies and get the following conclusions:
First, countries should develop their own PV industry, and combined with their specific situations, they consider the development stages of the photovoltaic industry. In the world, Germany put forward the feed-in tariff method. Through the way of forced buying in high prices, it can stimulate investors’ demand for photovoltaic systems and lead to the rapid development of photovoltaic industry. Due to energy shortages, Japan makes the layout of the new energy industry early. By the way of subsidies, tariff and research support, Japan’s PV industry has been in rapid and steady development. The US PV supporting policies focus on the subsidized loans, tax incentives and other financing mechanisms, taking advantage of their well-developed financial market conditions.
Second, China’s PV support policies should be made from subsidies on the initial manufacturers of photovoltaic industry to subsidies on photovoltaic system terminal while learning the advanced and proven industrial policies around the world. It has combined the tariff act, terminal subsidies, research and development support, tax incentives and educational campaigns to form a comprehensive support policy system.
Third, through rigorous empirical, the author finds that after the government released the selected PV industry support policies, the stock prices (mainly stocks) in photovoltaic sectors rise significantly, suggesting that investors are very optimistic about the future of the photovoltaic industry. Making investment decisions in PV industry now can get benefits in the future while the long-term impacts of policies on industry will affect the investment decisions. 

本文编号：554541