Research on Optimization of China’s Service Trade Structure（

发布时间：2016-10-08 07:12

摘要

从20世纪80年开始，世界范围内的产业结构调整持续进行，各个主要国家，特别是发达国家，开始将主要的资源和精力用于发展本国的服务行业，随着这些国家政策的转向，其国内的服务业占比持续增加。与国外发展趋势相一致，我国也处在经济体制不断变动和经济增长方式转型的阶段，如果想在国际分工和国际竞争中占据有利地位，并且维护自身的正当权益，就需要在推动经济增长的同时，更加注重服务贸易的发展。通过对以往服务贸易发展经历的回顾和总结，推动服务业和服务贸易的快速发展，建立起与我国的经济实力和发展水平相适应的服务贸易结构，并且针对当前服务贸易的现状和问题，持续优化结构，，为全球范围内的经济竞争打下基础。在这种形势下，通过优化服务贸易的结构来提升经济增长的质量就成为一种急迫的选择。本文在对服务贸易现状、结构、服务贸易结构存在的问题等方面进行深入分析的基础上，得出了如下结论:

(1) 服务贸易对于经济增长发挥了重要的规模效应，在规模越大、关联度越高的情况下，本国的资源使用就更加充分，并且能够实现高级要素的快速有效积累，推动经济持续增长。因此，现代服务贸易占比越高，生产性服务贸易占比越高，那么该国的贸易结构就更加具有竞争力。
(2) 结合我国服务贸易的实际情况，笔者认为当前我国服务贸易结构中优势较为突出的是传统部门，现代服务贸易占比较低，其发展规模和国际竞争力较差，对于经济增长也没有发挥到其应有的水平。
(3) 我国发展服务贸易需要在发展方式方面进行优化和改进。要关注服务贸易总量的增长，也需要就不同比例的服务贸易情况进行优化，需要提升现代服务贸易的比例和生产性服务贸易的比例。而这些持续的优化工作需要政府部门和企业之间密切合作，通过恰当的扶持政策和税收减免、贸易优惠政策，实现人力资本和技术的积累，提升经济的竞争力，以获取更多的比较利益。
关键词：服务贸易，结构优化，改进策略

Abstract

Since the 1980s, a new round of industrial restructuring wave began in the world. And the world's major economic countries and regions, especially in developed countries and regions, make use of their own resources, to focus on developing the region's service economics. Therefore, the proportion of service in the overall economy increased year by year.
Due to the weakness in the world economy, China’s export-oriented economy has been seriously challenged and the structural problems of service trade and service industries expose clearly. This means that in the next few years, China should optimize the internal structure harder to begin trade in services, to improve modernization level. The government should sum up the successful experiences and lessons learned in the countries with higher service trade development levels. Combined with the economic levels and development situations of service industry at this stage, it should also find effective ways to improve the service industrial structure and enhance the level of modernization service, as well as related preferential policies in order to optimize the structure of China's service trade, and create favorable internal conditions for participating in international service market competition. Thus, in the current international situation and domestic environment, optimizing the service trade structure actively is the urgent choice for China's economic development.
Since the degree of economic globalization and liberalization of trade in services is deepening, the world trade in services has experienced the rapid development and structural adjustment gradually. In this paper, through a series of researches and analysis, the author initially forms the following conclusions:
(1) Different service sectors have different effects on economic growth. If the effects of scale economies are more significant, the degree of industrial linkage is higher. And it can make use of its own resources more fully and the effect on the economic growth is more significant. Thus, if a country’s modern service trade structure improves, productive service trade structure improves and the country’s service trade structure optimizes and developed.
(2) Based on empirical researches on China's service trade, the paper argues that China’s current comparative advantages are still in traditional service trade sectors. Modern service trade sector has just started, and the development scale and competitiveness are still small and weak. For the effect on economic growth, it can not reflect the structure level of productive service trade and it is far less than developed countries and regions.
(3) China is in urgent need to develop trade in services, and change the growth mode of foreign trade. Developing international trade in services, requires not only the service trade growth, but also the optimization and promotion in the service trade structure. This means that enhancing the proportion of the modern trade in services and productive trade services can help improve the competitiveness of traditional trade services. 
Keywords: service trade, optimization of structure, development strategy

Table of Contents
摘要 1
Abstract 2
Chapter 1 Introduction 4
1.1 Research Background 4
1.2 Research Values and Objectives 6
1.3 Summary of Latest Research 8
1.4 Research Methods 11
Chapter 2 Literature Review 12
2.1 Concepts and Theories of Service Trade 12
2.2 Concepts and Theories of service trade structure 18
2.3 Concepts and Theories of service trade structure optimization 20
2.4 Factors of structural changes of service trade 25
Chapter 3 Development and Elements of China's service trade structure 26
3.1 China's service trade development 26
3.2 Comparison of different elements of Service Trade Structure 28
Chapter 4 Analysis of Problems and Reasons for China's service trade structure 31
4.1 Problems of China's service trade structure 32
4.2 Reasons for China's service trade structure’s problems 34
4.3 Empirical Analysis of factors influencing international competitiveness of service trade 38
Chapter 5 Recommendations for optimizing China's service trade structure 44
5.1 Findings and Directions of Improvement 44
5.2 Recommendations for the further optimization of China’s service trade structure 45
Chapter 6 Conclusion 51
References 53

Chapter 1 Introduction介绍

1.1 Research Background
Since the 1980s, a new round of industrial restructuring wave began in the world. And the world's major economic countries and regions, especially in developed countries and regions, make use of their own resources, to focus on developing the region's service economics. Therefore, the proportion of service in the overall economy increased year by year. Under this opportunity, international service trade developed rapidly and the scale of world trade in services continued to expand. In 2008, the exports of world service trade was $37.779 billion, which was nearly five times as much as the number in 1990 (($ 7.804 billion). Between 2000 and 2008, the average annual growth rate of the service trade exports in the world was about 17.23 percent, which was far higher than the growth rate of world goods’ trade (5%) in the same period. When measuring a country's international competitive strength, the levels of service trade have become an extremely important indicator. It is thus clear that the status and role of service trade in the world economy and promoting economic development are increasing.

Chapter 6 Conclusion总结

Since the degree of economic globalization and liberalization of trade in services is deepening, the world trade in services has experienced the rapid development and structural adjustment gradually. In this paper, through a series of researches and analysis, the author initially forms the following conclusions:

(1) Different service sectors have different effects on economic growth. If the effects of scale economies are more significant, the degree of industrial linkage is higher. And it can make use of its own resources more fully and the effect on the economic growth is more significant. Thus, if a country’s modern service trade structure improves, productive service trade structure improves and the country’s service trade structure optimizes and developed.

(2) Based on empirical researches on China's service trade, the paper argues that China’s current comparative advantages are still in traditional service trade sectors. Modern service trade sector has just started, and the development scale and competitiveness are still small and weak. For the effect on economic growth, it can not reflect the structure level of productive service trade and it is far less than developed countries and regions.

(3) China is urgently need to develop trade in services, and change the growth mode of foreign trade. Developing international trade in services, requires not only the service trade growth, but also the optimization and promotion in the service trade structure. This means that enhancing the proportion of the modern trade in services and productive trade services can help improve the competitiveness of traditional trade services. 

Government and service enterprises should work together to develop and make good use of industrial policies and trade policies, increase investment in science and technology, as well as human capital accumulation, nurture its long-term competitiveness, in order to gain more comparative advantages in international trade.

However, due to many services sectors, service trade statistics is not detailed and comprehensive. Statistical methods are single. For the discussion of service trade structure, the author analyzes only to the industry classificationlevel and fails to go deep into the industry interior to make further discussion. Further, unlike the United States, China does not make statistics in service trade. Thus the article does not analyze the service trade structure according to the service delivery. And the author will continue to focus on this issue, and make for further exploration.

本文编号：133377