3D海浪动画模拟技术研究

发布时间：2018-04-09 01:42

本文选题：海浪模拟　切入点：海浪谱　出处：《武汉理工大学》2008年硕士论文

【摘要】： 近年来,由于游戏、动漫、影视、广告、建筑、视景仿真、科学计算可视化等各个领域对3D动画的应用,使得计算机图形学和虚拟现实技术得到了很大的发展。在计算机图形学领域中,自然景物的模拟一直是具有挑战性的研究热点之一,因为自然景物形态各异,运动不规则,并且具有一定的生命周期,难以用几何模型进行描述。水作为一种自然景物,以其流动性、透明性以及复杂的光学特性使其成为模拟中的难点。海浪模拟作为水流体模拟的一个分支,常常作为动画的背景,在许多三维游戏、模拟训练及影视特效等应用中,逼真的、大范围的海面场景模拟成为不可或缺的重要内容。海面模拟涉及的范围十分广阔,而且海面波动规律十分复杂,海面波动受到各种力的作用与影响。同时,海面作为动画场景的背景,对其真实感和实时性也有较高的要求。因此,建立合适的海浪运动模型,实现海浪模拟是很有意义的。本文从这一目的出发,利用海洋学的经验公式,采用海浪谱方法建立了海浪的数学模型,并使用LOD技术简化海面网格的计算量,通过光照和纹理映射的渲染,实现了深海区域的3D海浪模拟,并在实时性和渲染方面都取得了令人满意的效果。具体研究工作如下: 通过对国内外海浪模拟技术研究现状的分析,结合图形实时绘制技术,给出了海浪模拟的基本步骤。在分析海面网格的细化的方法及裂缝和边缘缝合技术的基础上,构造LOD网格以减少网格计算量。在深入分析了主流的海浪模型的构造方法和适用范围之后,从海洋学的观测结果入手,利用海浪P-M频谱及SWOP方向函数计算得到的不同频率、方向角、振幅的组成波,线性叠加生成海面高度场,从而建立海浪动画的每一帧。在利用海浪谱方法生成海面高度场的过程中,通过三角函数计算简化,降低计算代价提高帧率。并通过对海面赋予一定的光照和材质参数、计算反射纹理坐标以及背景贴图渲染海浪,实现深海海域海浪的3D动画。此外,通过实验数据比较,证明了采用LOD网格以及海浪谱方法模拟的广阔深海海域的海浪动画能实现动画的现实性要求,且渲染效果比较理想。最后,对基于海浪谱方法和LOD技术模拟3D海浪的研究工作做了总结和进一步的展望。
[Abstract]:In recent years, due to the application of 3D animation in the fields of game, animation, film and television, advertising, architecture, visual simulation, scientific computing visualization and so on, computer graphics and virtual reality technology have been greatly developed.In the field of computer graphics, the simulation of natural scenery has always been one of the challenging research hotspots, because natural scenery has different shapes, irregular movement, and has a certain life cycle, so it is difficult to be described by geometric model.Water, as a natural scene, is difficult to simulate because of its fluidity, transparency and complex optical properties.As a branch of water fluid simulation, ocean wave simulation is often used as the background of animation. In many applications such as 3D games, simulation training and film and television special effects, realistic, large-scale sea scene simulation has become an indispensable important content.The range of sea surface simulation is very wide, and the law of sea surface fluctuation is very complex, and the sea surface fluctuation is affected by various forces.At the same time, as the background of the animation scene, the sea surface also has a high demand for its real-time and real-time.Therefore, it is very meaningful to establish a suitable wave motion model and realize the wave simulation.For this purpose, the mathematical model of ocean wave is established by using the empirical formula of oceanography and the method of wave spectrum. The calculation of sea surface grid is simplified by using LOD technique, and the rendering of illumination and texture mapping is carried out.The 3D ocean wave simulation in deep sea area has been realized, and satisfactory results have been obtained in real time and rendering.The specific studies are as follows:The basic steps of ocean wave simulation are given by analyzing the current situation of ocean wave simulation technology at home and abroad and combining with the real-time drawing technique.On the basis of the analysis of the thinning method of sea surface mesh and the technique of crack and edge stitching, the LOD mesh is constructed to reduce the amount of mesh computation.After deeply analyzing the construction method and applicable range of the mainstream wave model, starting from the oceanographic observation results, the component waves of different frequencies, direction angles and amplitudes are calculated by using the P-M spectrum and the SWOP direction function of the waves.The linear superposition generates the sea surface height field, thus establishing each frame of the wave animation.In the process of generating sea surface height field by using wave spectrum method, the calculation of trigonometric function is simplified to reduce the calculation cost and increase the frame rate.By giving certain illumination and material parameters to the sea surface, the reflection texture coordinate and background map are calculated to render ocean waves, and 3D animation of ocean waves in deep sea area is realized.In addition, through the comparison of experimental data, it is proved that the simulation of ocean wave animation in the vast deep sea area using LOD mesh and wave spectrum method can meet the realistic requirements of animation, and the rendering effect is ideal.Finally, the research work of 3D ocean wave simulation based on wave spectrum method and LOD technology is summarized and further prospected.
【学位授予单位】：武汉理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2008
【分类号】：TP391.9

【相似文献】