比利时漫画发展脉络及启示

发布时间：2018-08-23 10:51

【摘要】：本文将研究视角投向了国内动漫研究的空白点——欧洲漫画,并聚焦因《丁丁历险记》和《蓝精灵》而在世界范围具有影响力、在欧洲漫画史上占重要地位的比利时现代漫画,梳理其历史,展现其生态,阐述其给予中国漫画的启示。本研究梳理了比利时现代漫画由政治讽刺漫画出现、到连环漫画崛起、再到《丁丁》、《斯皮鲁》漫面杂志为核心的连环画出版业盛况、继而成人漫画兴起,却遭遇日本漫画冲击、漫画杂志消失陷入冷静期、但目前逐渐复苏并平稳发展的发展历程,并在每一时期中归纳各时期的绘画艺术流变和漫画出版发展情况,重点介绍了“马齐耐尔学派”和“清线画派”两大漫画风格流派,和“先刊后书”出版模式的兴起与衰落,以及漫迷在丰富出版形态、促进展会事业和漫画研究中所发挥的重要作用。在梳理历史的基础上,本文跳出就产业论产业的固有思维模式,以媒介生态学的全新视阂审视比利时漫画产业,将其环境分成三个生态圈：一是以艺术属性、符号特征构成内容生态,分析比利时漫画的“去民族化”表征和语言幽默、线条简洁的艺术指针；二是漫画与人构成的人力生态、受众生态,漫画与社会构成的政策生态、经济生态,并将之作为中观生态圈,解析比利时漫画受众良性循环、出版商市场化运作等产业规律；三是将欧洲乃至全球的漫画产业环境作为外观生态圈,探析日美漫画对漫画风格、出版格局的影响；并针对漫画文化在三层生态圈层互动的传播行为,考察基于技术变革的产品生态链和基于形象符号的对外传播,阐述比利时漫画产业中产品开发生态链和产生产业联动效益的文化辐射,勾连漫画媒介各要素与国家、社会文化影响力,归纳出比利时以漫画作为“国家名片”的“生态位”,从而折射漫画产业与文化软实力的关系。本研究进而以中国与比利时漫画产业发展的相似性为前提,本文认为比利时漫画产业的良性生态为中国动漫产业发展提供了一个跨国图景。以比利时漫画产业的成功经验为镜,中国漫画产业在发展过程中应该对产业生态实行全面考量,重视内容、人力、受众、产品、投资、政策扶持等多个因子,在文化传播中着重于打响品牌,内容创新中注重民族元素的运用,并以会展、旅游拉动产业联合,找准中国漫画产业自己的“生态位”,以“大动漫”概念建设中国漫画产业理论体系,搭建中国特色的“产业生态链”,实现中国动漫产业的科学发展。
[Abstract]:This article puts the research angle of view to the blank spot of domestic animation research-European comics, and focuses on Belgian modern comics, which are influential in the world because of "Tintin" and "Smurfs", and which play an important role in the history of European comics. Combing its history, showing its ecology, expounding its enlightenment to Chinese comics. This study combed the emergence of modern Belgian comics from political caricatures, to the rise of comic strips, to the prosperity of comic book publishing at the core of "Tintin" and "Spearu", and then to the rise of adult comics, but suffered the impact of Japanese comics. Comic magazine disappeared into a cooling-off period, but at present it is gradually recovering and developing smoothly. In each period, it sums up the evolution of painting art and the development of comic book publishing in each period. This paper focuses on the rise and decline of the two major comic style schools of "Marchinaire School" and "Qing Line painting School", and the rise and decline of the publishing mode of "first publication and later Books", as well as the rich publishing form of the fans. To promote the exhibition and comic research play an important role. On the basis of combing history, this paper jumps out of the inherent thinking mode of industry theory on industry, examines Belgian cartoon industry with the brand new view barrier of media ecology, and divides its environment into three ecosphere: one is artistic attribute, The symbolic features constitute the ecology of content, the analysis of the representation of "de-nationalization" of Belgian comics, the humor of language, the artistic pointers of concise lines, the human ecology of comics and human beings, the ecology of audience, the policy ecology of comics and society, Economic ecology, and take it as a mesoscopic ecological circle, to analyze the benign circle of Belgian comic book audiences, the market-oriented operation of publishers and other industrial laws; third, to take the cartoon industry environment in Europe and even the world as the external ecological circle. This paper probes into the influence of Japanese and American comics on the style and publishing pattern of comics, and investigates the product ecological chain based on technological change and the external communication based on image symbols in view of the interactive communication behavior of cartoon culture in the three ecosphere layers. This paper expounds the cultural radiation of the ecological chain of product development and the effect of industrial linkage in Belgium's comic book industry, links all elements of comic media with the country, and social and cultural influence, and sums up the "niche" of Belgium in which comics are regarded as "national business cards". This reflects the relationship between comic book industry and cultural soft power. On the premise of the similarity between the development of comics industry in China and Belgium, this paper holds that the benign ecology of the comics industry in Belgium provides a transnational prospect for the development of the animation industry in China. In the light of the successful experience of Belgium's comic book industry, China's comic book industry should comprehensively consider the industrial ecology in the course of its development, and attach importance to a number of factors, such as content, manpower, audience, products, investment, policy support, and so on. Emphasis is placed on creating brands in cultural communication, and emphasis on the use of national elements in content innovation, and the use of exhibition and tourism to pull the industry together to find out the "niche" of China's comic book industry. The concept of "big animation" is used to construct the theoretical system of Chinese cartoon industry, to build the "industrial ecological chain" with Chinese characteristics, and to realize the scientific development of China's animation industry.
【学位授予单位】：复旦大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：J218.2

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