论虚拟角色的著作权法保护

发布时间：2019-02-12 14:23

【摘要】：虚拟角色，通常是指影视、动漫、文学作品中出现的艺术形象，近年来随着文化产业的蓬勃发展而备受关注。未经原创者许可，擅自将角色运用到文学领域再创作，或者利用虚拟角色蕴含的吸引力达到促进商品和服务销售的目的，都严重侵犯了角色创作者的利益。司法实践的需要凸显了著作权法在保护虚拟角色方面的必要性。虚拟角色侵权纠纷日益增多，角色创作者、角色利用者和社会公众利益严重失衡，需要著作权法提供全面保护。角色创作行为也需要著作权法的鼓励和支持。但由于现行法律的空白和理论上缺乏足够的支持，法官在处理此类问题时往往束手无策。虚拟角色由不同构成要素组成，根据类型不同又可以分为文学角色、卡通角色和视听角色。著作权法对虚拟角色保护也可以从这两个角度进行。由于角色自身特点各异，侵权行为千差万别，加上独创性程度不同，使著作权法在保护虚拟角色方面存在一定的不足和局限。虚拟角色名称在适用著作权法保护时能否被纳入客体范围、角色图像侵权纠纷赔偿如何计算、文学角色判定侵权缺乏统一标准、卡通角色利用行为应归入何种权利范畴等等成为著作权法保护虚拟角色的缺陷，有待完善。针对著作权法保护虚拟角色的局限，本文从以下两方面提出相应对策建议。一方面，对于著作权法在虚拟角色构成要素保护上的局限，首先可以通过广义理解作品的内涵解决保护客体的问题。同时，明确厘定侵权标准，科学处理损害赔偿的计算，规定合理的权利期限，为角色创作者提供更有效的保护。另一方面，对于著作权法在不同类型虚拟角色保护上的局限，，可以确立一整套标准应对文学角色侵权，遵循清晰描绘和可预见两个基本原则来判断卡通角色完整性，把卡通角色利用行为定性为对复制权的侵犯，对视听角色则建立明确的保护规则。本文采用比较分析、规范分析和案例分析等方法，进一步明晰著作权法保护虚拟角色的一般理论，弥补著作权法法条规定的不足，充分发挥著作权法保护的优势作用。有利于虚拟角色创作者的合法权益获得全面保护，有利于规范文艺领域创作行为和市场交易秩序，实现角色价值最大化，也可以使法官在审理案件时能够准确找到法律依据。
[Abstract]:Virtual characters, usually referring to the artistic images in film, animation and literature, have attracted much attention in recent years with the vigorous development of the cultural industry. It is a serious violation of the interests of the character creators to apply the characters to the literary field to re-create or to use the attraction of the virtual characters to promote the sale of goods and services without the permission of the originator. The need for judicial practice highlights the necessity of copyright law in protecting virtual roles. The disputes of virtual role infringement are increasing day by day, and the interests of the role creator, the role user and the public are out of balance, which requires the copyright law to provide comprehensive protection. The role creation behavior also needs the copyright law encouragement and the support. However, due to the gaps in existing laws and lack of sufficient theoretical support, judges are often unable to deal with such problems. Virtual characters are composed of different elements, which can be divided into literary characters, cartoon characters and audiovisual characters according to different types. Copyright law can also protect virtual roles from these two angles. Due to the different characters of the roles, the various tort acts, and the different originality, the copyright law has some shortcomings and limitations in the protection of virtual roles. Whether the virtual character name can be brought into the scope of the object when applying copyright law protection, how to calculate the compensation of the role image infringement dispute, and the lack of unified standard for the literary role infringement judgment. What kind of rights should be included in the use of cartoon characters is the defect of copyright law to protect virtual characters. In view of the limitation of copyright law to protect virtual role, this paper puts forward corresponding countermeasures and suggestions from the following two aspects. On the one hand, for the limitation of copyright law in the protection of fictitious role elements, we can solve the problem of protecting the object by understanding the connotation of works in a broad sense. At the same time, we should clearly define the tort standard, scientifically deal with the calculation of damages, and provide more effective protection for the role creators. On the other hand, with regard to the limitation of copyright law on the protection of different types of fictitious characters, we can establish a set of standards to deal with the infringement of literary characters, and follow the two basic principles of clear description and predictability to judge the integrity of cartoon characters. The use of cartoon characters is defined as an infringement of reproduction rights, and a clear protection rule is established for audiovisual characters. By means of comparative analysis, normative analysis and case analysis, this paper further clarifies the general theory of the protection of virtual roles in copyright law, makes up for the shortcomings of the provisions of copyright law, and gives full play to the advantages of copyright law protection. It is beneficial to the full protection of the legal rights and interests of the fictitious character creators, to the standardization of the creative behavior and the order of market transactions in the field of literature and art, to the maximization of the role value, and to the accurate finding of legal basis for the judges in the trial of cases.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：D923.41

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