基于着色器的卡通实时渲染技术研究
发布时间：2019-06-10 23:37
【摘要】： 卡通渲染技术是非真实感渲染技术的一种,其目的是通过计算机自动生成传统卡通风格的模型与场景的绘制效果。卡通渲染技术用明显的轮廓和不变的颜色来构造一个具有鲜明卡通视觉效果的虚拟世界,与其他渲染效果相比,这种效果更让人感到亲切。 卡通渲染技术在动漫、电影里都有大量的应用,此外,国外已经出现了将卡通渲染技术应用到游戏中,生成卡通风格的3D场景,以获得貌似卡通渲染的独特视觉效果的游戏产业发展趋势。而我国在数字娱乐方面的研究与国外相比还比较落后,只有浙江大学等几所高校从事包括卡通渲染在内的非真实感渲染技术研究。 出于我个人多年形成的对卡通、动漫、电子游戏的浓厚兴趣,我选择了卡通渲染技术的研究作为毕业课题。我希望能够抛砖引玉,作为一个小小的火种,带动更多的人对我国数字娱乐产业发展的思考、探索和研究。 本文首先介绍了卡通的来源和发展历程,接着,概述了卡通渲染技术的起源、研究现状、应用和关键技术,还将卡通渲染与其他非真实感渲染做了直观地比较。之后,本文分章节研究了卡通渲染技术涉及的几项关键技术:轮廓线检测、轮廓线绘制、着色器编程、卡通着色。 可编程的图形流水线是在固定功能图形流水线的基础上,在几何处理阶段增加了可编程的变换和光照模块,即顶点着色器;以及在光栅化阶段增加了可编程的纹理、滤波和混合模块,即像素着色器。通过编写自己的顶点着色器和像素着色器程序,就可以完成甚至超越固定功能模块的工作。 轮廓线是卡通风格绘制的基础,二三维卡通画在表现模型的时候,通常用轮廓线来勾勒形状,并用粗线来表现模型的重要特征。本文给出了包括卡通渲染在内的非真实感渲染领域中轮廓线的定义及分类,并用数学的语言,梳理了包括物体轮廓线、折痕、暗示轮廓线在内的多种轮廓线的数学描述。在轮廓线数学描述的基础上,综合运用数学知识,把轮廓线的数学描述转换成候选的线形生成算法,实现了针对三维模型的轮廓线实时提取和绘制,并给出实验结果。 卡通着色是计算卡通风格的光照并由此决定像素颜色的过程,只不过这种着色有些特殊,效果不同于传统的真实感光照模型。本文从简单光照模型和几种经典明暗处理模型出发,对纯灰色着色、黑白色渐变着色、冷暖色对比等着色方法进行了实验,并直观地给出实验结果,探讨了适合卡通渲染的卡通着色方法。 最后,本文对目前的工作进行了总结,并提出了改进的方向以及将来的工作。
[Abstract]:Cartoon rendering technology is a kind of non-realistic rendering technology, the purpose of which is to automatically generate the traditional cartoon style model and scene rendering effect by computer. Cartoon rendering technology uses obvious contours and constant colors to construct a virtual world with distinct cartoon visual effects, which is more cordial than other rendering effects. Cartoon rendering technology has a lot of applications in animation and movies. In addition, cartoon rendering technology has been applied to games in foreign countries to generate cartoon style 3D scenes. In order to obtain the unique visual effect of cartoon rendering, the development trend of the game industry. However, compared with foreign countries, the research of digital entertainment in our country is still relatively backward. Only several colleges and universities, such as Zhejiang University, are engaged in the research of non-realistic rendering technology, including cartoon rendering. Out of my personal interest in cartoons, anime and video games formed for many years, I chose cartoon rendering technology as my graduation project. I hope to be able to throw bricks to attract jade, as a small fire, drive more people to think, explore and study the development of digital entertainment industry in our country. This paper first introduces the origin and development of cartoons, then summarizes the origin, research status, application and key technologies of cartoon rendering technology, and also makes an intuitive comparison between cartoon rendering and other unrealistic rendering. After that, this paper studies several key technologies involved in cartoon rendering technology in chapters: profile detection, outline drawing, shader programming, cartoon coloring. The programmable graphics pipeline is based on the fixed function graphics pipeline, and the programmable transformation and lighting module, that is, the vertex shader, is added in the geometric processing stage. And programmable texture, filtering and mixing modules, that is, pixel shaders, are added in the rasterization phase. By writing their own vertex shaders and pixel shaders, we can complete or even exceed the fixed function module. The outline line is the basis of cartoon style rendering. When the two-three-dimensional cartoon painting is used to describe the model, the outline line is usually used to outline the shape, and the thick line is used to express the important features of the model. In this paper, the definition and classification of contours in the field of non-realistic rendering, including cartoon rendering, are given, and the mathematical descriptions of various contours, including object contours, creases and implied contours, are combed in mathematical language. On the basis of mathematical description of contours, the mathematical description of contours is transformed into candidate linear generation algorithm by using mathematical knowledge, and the real-time extraction and drawing of contours for 3D models are realized, and the experimental results are given. Cartoon coloring is the process of calculating cartoon style lighting and determining pixel color, but this coloring is somewhat special and the effect is different from the traditional realistic lighting model. In this paper, based on the simple lighting model and several classical shading models, the pure gray coloring, black and white gradual coloring, cold and warm color contrast and other coloring methods are tested, and the experimental results are given intuitively. The cartoon coloring method suitable for cartoon rendering is discussed. Finally, this paper summarizes the current work, and puts forward the direction of improvement and future work.
【学位授予单位】：电子科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：TP391.41
本文编号：2496818
[Abstract]:Cartoon rendering technology is a kind of non-realistic rendering technology, the purpose of which is to automatically generate the traditional cartoon style model and scene rendering effect by computer. Cartoon rendering technology uses obvious contours and constant colors to construct a virtual world with distinct cartoon visual effects, which is more cordial than other rendering effects. Cartoon rendering technology has a lot of applications in animation and movies. In addition, cartoon rendering technology has been applied to games in foreign countries to generate cartoon style 3D scenes. In order to obtain the unique visual effect of cartoon rendering, the development trend of the game industry. However, compared with foreign countries, the research of digital entertainment in our country is still relatively backward. Only several colleges and universities, such as Zhejiang University, are engaged in the research of non-realistic rendering technology, including cartoon rendering. Out of my personal interest in cartoons, anime and video games formed for many years, I chose cartoon rendering technology as my graduation project. I hope to be able to throw bricks to attract jade, as a small fire, drive more people to think, explore and study the development of digital entertainment industry in our country. This paper first introduces the origin and development of cartoons, then summarizes the origin, research status, application and key technologies of cartoon rendering technology, and also makes an intuitive comparison between cartoon rendering and other unrealistic rendering. After that, this paper studies several key technologies involved in cartoon rendering technology in chapters: profile detection, outline drawing, shader programming, cartoon coloring. The programmable graphics pipeline is based on the fixed function graphics pipeline, and the programmable transformation and lighting module, that is, the vertex shader, is added in the geometric processing stage. And programmable texture, filtering and mixing modules, that is, pixel shaders, are added in the rasterization phase. By writing their own vertex shaders and pixel shaders, we can complete or even exceed the fixed function module. The outline line is the basis of cartoon style rendering. When the two-three-dimensional cartoon painting is used to describe the model, the outline line is usually used to outline the shape, and the thick line is used to express the important features of the model. In this paper, the definition and classification of contours in the field of non-realistic rendering, including cartoon rendering, are given, and the mathematical descriptions of various contours, including object contours, creases and implied contours, are combed in mathematical language. On the basis of mathematical description of contours, the mathematical description of contours is transformed into candidate linear generation algorithm by using mathematical knowledge, and the real-time extraction and drawing of contours for 3D models are realized, and the experimental results are given. Cartoon coloring is the process of calculating cartoon style lighting and determining pixel color, but this coloring is somewhat special and the effect is different from the traditional realistic lighting model. In this paper, based on the simple lighting model and several classical shading models, the pure gray coloring, black and white gradual coloring, cold and warm color contrast and other coloring methods are tested, and the experimental results are given intuitively. The cartoon coloring method suitable for cartoon rendering is discussed. Finally, this paper summarizes the current work, and puts forward the direction of improvement and future work.
【学位授予单位】：电子科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：TP391.41
【引证文献】
相关硕士学位论文 前1条
1 陈鹏;三维场景光影效果控制与渲染的研究与实现[D];上海交通大学;2011年
，本文编号：2496818
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