篷盖类柔性复合材料剥离性能研究及其优化

发布时间：2018-01-13 22:19

本文关键词：篷盖类柔性复合材料剥离性能研究及其优化　出处：《浙江理工大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：以涤纶平纹基布为增强体的柔性复合材料具有较高的强度、模量及尺寸稳定性，承载能力强且抗疲劳性能好，相对于热固性或热塑性基体复合材料，具有较大的变形空间，拥有广阔的发展应用前景，不仅广泛应用于广告灯箱布，汽车篷盖，农业等领域，而且开始在环保的科技产品中使用。然而，在实际应用过程中，我国自产的柔性复合材料由于起步晚、技术相对较差， PVC薄膜易剥离脱落，尤以层压和压延类产品为主。在使用过程中由于膜与基布之间的剥离强度不足，会出现局部的PVC薄膜与基布相分离的现象，致使基布失去保护，材料的力学性能下降，严重影响其使用寿命，同时也制约了我国柔性复合材料的发展。鉴于此，如何提高篷盖类柔性复合材料的剥离性能，是一个值得关注和深入研究的紧迫问题。本课题采用两种规格的涤纶平纹机织物为增强基布，通过热熔层压法对基布与PVC (聚氯乙烯)薄膜复合，借鉴现有的界面粘合理论，以及通过分析在复合工艺中复合工艺参数对成品的拉伸性能和剥离性能影响，来研究如何提高涤纶增强基布与聚氯乙烯薄膜之间的剥离强度，最后本课题通过对优化的试样进行热空气老化实验，分析热环境下对柔性复合材料剥离性能的影响，并检验本课题对剥离性能改善的情况。在进行基布表面改性前，首先研究复合工艺对复合材料的最终性能的影响：(1)对PVC薄膜和基布分别进行热处理，初步探讨温度和时间对其力学性能的影响，并为之后试验中参数范围的设定提供依据；(2)采用3因子通用旋转组合设计方法，以复合工艺参数温度、压力和时间为3因子，对两种基布复合材料进行复合工艺研究，建立了拉伸性能和剥离性能的数学模型，分析工艺参数对复合材料的断裂强度、断裂伸长率和剥离强度的影响。结果表明：复合工艺中，温度无疑是影响复合材料最终性能的最显著因素，且不同因素间表现出了不同程度的交互影响；不同规格的基布由于密度和纱线细度的不同，受三个工艺参数的影响也不尽相同，尤其断裂强度。综合分析，得到了两种基布复合材料的较为合理的复合工艺参数。针对涤纶增强基布表面的弱界面层和浸润性，研究碱减量处理和低温等离子体处理对柔性复合材料界面粘接性能的影响：(1)两种处理方法均能去除基布表面油剂杂质，增加其表面粗糙度，从而提高柔性复合材料的剥离强度；(2)涤纶增强基布在碱液中水解剧烈，对柔性复合材料的拉伸性能影响很大，而低温等离子体处理由于只作用在纤维表面几～几十纳米，对复合材料的力学性能影响较小，，处理时间较短时还能提高其断裂强度；(3)红外光谱分析发现，两种表面处理方法均能提高基布极性基团的含量，但提高的原因不同，且低温等离子体处理后出现新的吸收峰。经综合分析，分别得到两种基布的两种处理方法的最佳处理参数。最后研究了不同温度的热空气老化对柔性复合材料界面粘结性能的影响，并检验了经表面改性的增强基布的复合材料的剥离性能改善情况。结果表明：不同温度的热空气老化对剥离性能有不同程度的影响，且低温等离子体处理后的复合材料的剥离强度降低最少。
[Abstract]:The flexible composite material with the polyester plain cloth as the reinforcement has higher strength , modulus and dimensional stability , strong bearing capacity and good fatigue resistance , has a large deformation space with respect to the thermosetting or thermoplastic matrix composite material , has wide development application prospect , and is widely applied to the fields of advertisement lamp box cloth , automobile roof cover , agriculture and the like , and is started to be used in environmental protection scientific and technological products . However , during the practical application , the self - produced flexible composite material is relatively poor in technology , and the PVC film is easy to peel off , especially the laminating and calendaring products . In the use process , the phenomenon that the local PVC film is separated from the base cloth can lead to the loss of the base cloth , the mechanical property of the material drops , the service life of the flexible composite material is seriously affected , and the development of the flexible composite material in China is also restricted . The paper studies how to improve the peel strength between polyester fiber reinforced base fabric and polyvinyl chloride film by using two types of polyester plain woven fabric as the reinforcing base fabric , and by analyzing the influence of the composite process parameters on the tensile property and the peeling performance of the finished product by hot melt laminating method . The effects of the composite technology on the ultimate properties of the composites were studied firstly , and the influence of temperature and time on the mechanical properties of the composites was investigated . The results showed that the temperature , pressure and time of the composite were the most significant factors affecting the ultimate properties of the composites . The effects of alkali decrement treatment and low temperature plasma treatment on the interfacial adhesion properties of flexible composites were investigated . The effects of hot air aging at different temperatures on the interfacial adhesion properties of flexible composites were studied . The improvement of the peel performance of the composites reinforced by surface modification was examined . The results show that the aging of hot air at different temperatures has different effects on the peel performance , and the peel strength of the composites after low temperature plasma treatment is minimized .

【学位授予单位】：浙江理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：TS101.923

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