《儒林外史》动态助词研究

发布时间：2018-01-14 16:14

本文关键词：《儒林外史》动态助词研究　出处：《山东师范大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：《儒林外史》成书于乾隆年间，是清代中叶带有江淮方言色彩的一部白话小说，它较高程度的口语化水平反映了当时的语言面貌和特征，具有较高的研究价值。关于《儒林外史》中的虚词研究，虽然取得了一定的成果，但是主要集中在介词或者助动词两个方面。当前还未有对《儒林外史》中的动态助词进行一个全面系统的描写与研究。本文以《儒林外史》中的动态助词“着”“了”“过”“得”“将”“取”“讫”“定”为研究对象，采用定量分析和三个平面的静态描写，共时与历时相结合的方法对《儒林外史》中的动态助词进行系统的研究。分析动态助词出现的语法格式和所要表达的语法意义，通过历时比较梳理出《儒林外史》所处时期动态助词的语法特征和规律。全文共分为四个部分：第一章绪论。包括介绍作者吴敬梓和《儒林外史》，本文选题的缘由和意义，《儒林外史》的语言研究概况以及本文的研究方法。第二章动态助词研究概况。包括对动态助词的介绍和动态助词的研究综述。第三章《儒林外史》中动态助词的个体研究。首先是对“着”进行研究，从语法分布上看“着”主要跟在动词之后，有的还可以跟在形容词和介词之后。主要的语法格式有“动+着+（宾语）”“动1+着+动2”，从语法意义上看“着”主要是表示动作的进行或持续，状态的持续或存在。《儒林外史》中的“着”和现代汉语中的“着”差别不大。其次是对“了”进行研究，“了”主要的语法格式有“动+了+宾”，“了”的语法意义一个是表示动作的完成或实现，一个是表示动作完成后持续的状态。“了”的用法基本上和现代汉语“了”的用法一致。再次是对“过”的研究，“过”的语法格式主要有“动+过”“动+过+（了）+宾”，所要表达的语法意义有两个：一个是表示动作的完成，一个是表示曾经发生或有过这样的事情。第四是对“得”的研究，“得”的语法结构也主要是跟在动词之后，，语法格式类型比较多样，“得”的语法意义主要是表示动作的完成实现或者获得结果。第五是对“将”的研究，“将”的语法格式比较单一，主要是“动+将+趋向补语”，语法功能主要有三种：一种是表示动作的动向，一种是表示动作完成或获得结果，一种是表示动作或状态的持续。第六是对“取”的研究，“取”在《儒林外史》中只有一例，表示动作的实现。第七是对“讫”“定”的研究，“讫”和“定”在《儒林外史》中的用法特别少，语法分布和语法功能比较单一。第四章与现代汉语动态助词进行历时比较，通过比较梳理出《儒林外史》中动态助词的特点。
[Abstract]:Written in the Qianlong period, it is a vernacular novel with the color of Jiang-Huai dialect in the middle of Qing Dynasty. Its high level of colloquial language reflects the language features and features at that time. It has higher research value. Although some achievements have been made in the study of function words in the History of Confucianism. But it mainly focuses on two aspects: preposition or auxiliary verb. At present, there has not been a comprehensive and systematic description and study of the dynamic auxiliary in the History of Confucianism. "after", "get" will "take" "determined" as the object of study. Quantitative analysis and static description of three planes are used. The synchronic and diachronic methods are used to systematically study the dynamic auxiliary words in the History of Confucianism. The grammatical format and the grammatical meaning of the dynamic auxiliary words are analyzed. Through the diachronic comparison, the grammatical features and rules of the dynamic auxiliary words in the period of "the History of Confucianism" are sorted out. The full text is divided into four parts: The first chapter introduces the author Wu Jingzi and the History of Confucianism, the reason and significance of this topic, the general situation of language research and the research methods of this paper. The second chapter is a survey of the research on dynamic auxiliary, including the introduction of dynamic auxiliary and the research of dynamic auxiliary. The third chapter is the individual study of dynamic auxiliary words in the History of Confucianism. The first part is the study of "Zhe", which is mainly followed by verbs from the perspective of grammatical distribution. Some can be followed by adjectives and prepositions. The main grammatical forms are "move (object)" and "move 1 move 2". In grammatical sense, "Zhe" mainly means the progress or continuation of the action. There is little difference between the "Zhe" in the History of Confucianism and the "Zhe" in modern Chinese. The second is the study of "already" and "the main grammatical forms are" "moving objects". One of the grammatical meanings of "already" is to indicate the completion or implementation of the action. One is the continuous state of the action after completion. The usage of "already" is basically the same as that of the modern Chinese. The second is the study of "over". There are two grammatical meanings to be expressed in the grammatical format of "Yu": one is to indicate the completion of the action. 4th is a study of "de", and the grammatical structure of "de" is mainly followed by verbs. The grammatical meaning of "de" is mainly to indicate the completion of the action or to obtain the result. 5th is the study of "general". The grammatical form of "Da" is relatively simple, mainly "the verb will tend to complement". There are three main grammatical functions: one is to indicate the movement of the action, the other is to indicate the completion or the result of the action, the other is to indicate the continuance of the action or state. 6th is the study of "take". There is only one example of "taking" in "the History of Confucianism", indicating that the realization of action. 7th is the study of "Ji" and "fixed", and the usage of "Ji" and "Ding" in "History of Confucianism" is especially rare. The grammatical distribution and grammatical function are relatively single. Chapter 4th makes a diachronic comparison with modern Chinese dynamic auxiliary words, and combs out the characteristics of dynamic auxiliary words in the History of Confucianism.
【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：H146

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