汉语动结式的认知语法研究

发布时间：2018-01-19 02:24

本文关键词： 汉语动结式认知语法标准事件模型识解范畴化　出处：《湖南大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：动结式一直是语言研究中一个热门的话题，而汉语动结式具有复杂、多样的特点，因此更加受到国内甚至海外学者的关注。尽管前人对汉语动结式的研究颇为丰富，但是仍然存在一些问题。本文旨在认知语法理论的指导下为汉语动结式研究提供了一个崭新的视角。关于汉语动结式的文献主要从配价语法、生成语法和构式语法这三个角度进行研究。其中配价语法和生成语法对动结式的研究是自下而上的，他们认为动结式的论元结构完全由动词和补语提供的论元决定，但事实并非如此。而在Goldberg构式语法观指导下对动结式进行的研究认识到构式的重要性，却没有解释为什么当动词不能提供受事论元时，构式可以单独提供受事论元。鉴于前人研究中存在的问题，本文主要尝试解决以下四个问题：1.及物动结式中动词与构式是如何融合提供受事论元；2.如何对及物动结式中复杂多样的致使角色进行抽象概括；3.汉语中不同动结式（如倒置动结式和不及物动结式）的认知动因是什么；4.汉语动结式对其组成要素的允准条件有哪些。本文根据认知语法中的标准事件模型，建立了典型及物动结式，提出在典型的及物动结式中，有生命力的施事发出的动作直接作用于受事并使之发生状态的改变。本研究针对上述四个问题得出以下结论：1.在汉语及物动结式中，虽然典型及物动结式中动词表达的动作直接作用于物体使之发生状态的改变，但是当动词表达的动作能够间接作用于物体使之发生状态的改变时，动词与构式可以发生融合从而共同作用提供受事论元。2.汉语及物动结式中由不同致使角色充当的主语可以通过轨迹来进行抽象统一的概括。3.识解在不同汉语动结式的表达中具有重要作用。在倒置动结式中，非施事角色被识解为最重要的致事因素，凸显其在活动过程中对宾语产生的间接作用与影响；在不及物动结式中，当非施事角色充当主语时，凸显的是主语状态的改变，真正的施事以及施事对主语的作用隐含在动词所表达的动作中；用反身代词的及物动结式和其对应的不及物动结式是两种不同识解方式的反映。4.汉语动结式的合乎语法性主要依赖两个因素：动词与补语之间的致使关系以及主语与宾语之间的致使关系。本文否定了生成语言学中的语义组合性，并且为汉语中的不同动结式提供了认知动因，，本文研究对英汉动结式的比较也有有益的帮助。
[Abstract]:Verb-resultant has always been a hot topic in language research, while Chinese verb-resultant has complex and diverse characteristics. Therefore, it has attracted more and more attention from domestic and even overseas scholars, although previous researches on Chinese verb-resultant are quite abundant. However, there are still some problems. Under the guidance of cognitive grammar theory, this thesis provides a new perspective for the study of Chinese verb-resultant. The literature on Chinese verb-resultant is mainly studied from three angles: valence grammar, generative grammar and constructional grammar, in which valence grammar and generative grammar are bottom-up. They believe that the argument structure of the verb and complement is entirely determined by the argument provided by the verb and the complement. However, this is not the case. However, the study of verb conjunctions under the guidance of Goldberg's grammatical theory of construction recognizes the importance of construction, but does not explain why verbs cannot provide receptive arguments. In view of the problems existing in previous studies, this paper attempts to solve the following four problems: 1. How do verbs and constructions merge to provide receptive arguments in transitive verb junctions; 2. How to abstract and generalize the complicated and diverse causative roles in transitive resultant; 3. What are the cognitive motivations of different verb-resultant types in Chinese, such as inverted resultant and intransitive active-resultant; 4. What are the permitted conditions of Chinese verb-resultant form to its constituent elements. Based on the standard event model in cognitive grammar, this paper establishes a typical transitive resultant and proposes a typical transitive resultant. The actions issued by a living agent directly affect the state of the patient and make it change. This study draws the following conclusion: 1. In the Chinese transitive resultant, this study draws the following conclusions for the above four questions. Although the action of verb expression in the typical transitive resultant acts directly on the change of the state of the object, but when the action of the verb expression can act indirectly on the change of the state of the object. Verbs and constructions can be combined to provide receptive arguments. 2. Subject acting by different causative roles in Chinese transitive resultant can be abstractly generalized by locus. The expression of Chinese verb-resultant plays an important role. Non-agent role is interpreted as the most important causative factor, highlighting its indirect role and influence on object in the process of activity. In the intransitive verb resultant, when the non-agent role acts as the subject, it highlights the change of the subject state, and the real agent and the role of the agent on the subject are implied in the action expressed by the verb. The transitive verb resultant with reflexive pronoun and its corresponding intransitive verb resultant are the reflection of two different construal ways. 4. The grammaticality of Chinese verb resultant mainly depends on two factors:. Causative relation between verb and complement and causative relation between subject and object. This paper negates the semantic assemblage in generative linguistics and provides a cognitive motivation for different verb conjunctions in Chinese. The present study is also helpful to the comparison of English and Chinese verbatim conjunctions.
【学位授予单位】：湖南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：H146

【参考文献】

中国期刊全文数据库前10条

1 宋文辉;补语的语义指向为动词的动结式的配价[J];河北师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版);2004年03期

2 陆俭明;“VA了”述补结构语义分析[J];汉语学习;1990年01期

3 陆俭明;“VA了”述补结构语义分析补议——对读者意见的回复[J];汉语学习;2001年06期

4 吴为善;;自致使义动结构式“NP+VR”考察[J];汉语学习;2010年06期

5 梁雨;;几类补语指向主语动结式的句法形式[J];华中科技大学学报(社会科学版);2006年04期

6 牛保义;;“Bake NP NP”是属于动词还是属于构式?——以使用为基础的研究[J];外语研究;2012年01期

7 张翼;;动词延伸义和双重范畴化关系:对领主属宾句和存现句的统一解释[J];外语研究;2012年02期

8 邱贤;刘正光;;现代汉语受事主语句研究中的几个根本问题[J];外语学刊;2009年06期

9 赵琪;;从动结式来看现代汉语的构式性[J];复旦外国语言文学论丛;2008年02期

10 赵琪;;作用于自身的英汉动结式的论元实现[J];山东外语教学;2008年06期