《西游记》汉语被动式研究

发布时间：2018-01-29 08:35

本文关键词： 《西游记》被动式 “被”字式 “蒙”字式语义色彩语法功能　出处：《山东大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：被动式是汉语中久已存在的一种重要语法现象。由于汉语缺乏形态变化,主要靠语序和虚词表达语法意义,汉语中的被动式不像印欧语系中的被动句式有严格的形式标记,因此汉语中被动表示法更为复杂,故成为历来汉语语法研究的个重要对象。到明清时期,汉语被动式的形式出现新的特点,被动式的句法结构更为复杂,其语用功能也多样化。论文以明代著名小说《西游记》为语料,从共时、历时两个角度对其中的被动式进行考察。在共时平面,对其中不同形式的被动式进行了静态分析描写；在历时平面,以前人的研究成果为依据,对被动式的历时发展进行了前后系联,勾勒出《西游记》中不同形式被动式的发展轮廓,从而对《西游记》中的被动式有了一定认识。具体章节安排如下：绪论部分阐述了选题缘由及意义,对《西游记》和被动式研究成果进行综述,并介绍了本文的研究方法。第一章为《西游记》被动式概述,首先对被动式的概念作出界定,并将“被动式”与“被字句”、“被动句”、“受事主语句”等进行区分。然后对《西游记》中的被动式形式进行了概括和数字统计。由于《西游记》中的“被”字式数量庞大,因此用第二章和第三章两章分别从被动句型及句法结构等方面对“被”字式这一被动表现形式进行分析。第四章为“蒙”字表被动和其他形式被动式,对《西游记》中,除“被”字式以外的其他表现形式进行分析,特别是借鉴前人的研究成果,重点对“蒙”字式表被动进行了论证和分析。第五章为《西游记》中被动式的语义色彩和功能研究,对《西游记》中的被动式的语义色彩分为积极色彩、一般色彩和消极色彩。同时,被动式的语用功能也更加丰富,如凸显叙事中心,在具体的语境中具有保持话题一致和转换话题的作用。最后,论文总结了《西游记》中被动式的基本特点,如被动式形式新旧并存,但以“被”字式为主；通过与“被”字式相比较,“蒙”字式表被动的结论进一步印证；句法结构复杂化,如谓语结构复杂化、状语复杂化、补语复杂化、动词宾语的复杂化以及多VP结构的使用等。句法结构复杂化是《西游记》中被动式的主要特点,尤以谓语结构的复杂化最为突出。
[Abstract]:Passive type is an important grammatical phenomenon that has existed in Chinese for a long time. Due to the lack of morphological changes in Chinese, it mainly relies on word order and function words to express grammatical meaning. The passive form in Chinese is not like the passive sentence in the Indo-European system, so the passive representation in Chinese is more complicated, so it has become an important object in the study of Chinese grammar. The passive form of Chinese has new features, its syntactic structure is more complicated and its pragmatic functions are diversified. Taking the famous novel Journey to the West in Ming Dynasty as the corpus, this paper investigates the passive form of the novel from the synchronic and diachronic angles. In the synchronic plane, the static analysis and description of different forms of passive form are carried out. In the diachronic plane, based on the previous research results, the passive diachronic development has been linked before and after, and the outline of the different forms of passive development in Journey to the West has been outlined. Thus we have a certain understanding of the passive form in Journey to the West. The specific chapters are arranged as follows: The introduction describes the reason and significance of the topic, summarizes the research results of Journey to the West and passive research, and introduces the research methods of this paper. The first chapter is the passive summary of "Journey to the West", which defines the concept of "passive" and "passive" and "passive sentence". The passive forms in Journey to the West are summarized and counted. Due to the large number of "Bei" characters in Journey to the West, chapters 2 and 3 are used to analyze the passive expression of "Bei" from the aspects of passive sentence structure and syntactic structure, respectively. Chapter 4th is passive and other passive forms of the "Mongolian" word table. It analyzes the other forms of expression except "Bei" in Journey to the West, especially drawing on the previous research results. The passivity of "Mongolian" type table is demonstrated and analyzed. Chapter 5th is a study of the semantic color and function of passive form in Journey to the West. The semantic color of passive form in Journey to the West is divided into positive color, general color and negative color. The passive pragmatic functions are also more abundant, such as highlighting the narrative center, keeping the topic consistent and changing the topic in the specific context. Finally, the paper summarizes the basic characteristics of passive form in Journey to the West. Compared with the word "Bei", the conclusion of passive expression of "Mongolian" is further confirmed. The syntactic structure is complicated, such as predicate structure, adverbial and complement. The complexity of verb object and the use of multi-VP structure are the main characteristics of passive form in Journey to the West, especially the complexity of predicate structure.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H146

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