英汉移动动词题元角色对比分析

发布时间：2018-01-31 11:06

本文关键词： 位移动词题元角色机器翻译对外教学　出处：《武汉科技大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：位移动词研究从多个角度观察都有重要意义：从句法和语义角度看，动词与相关的句型问题是英汉语语法研究中最重要的问题，动词语义成分和句法成分的对应关系是重要的语法课题。从认知上看，空间概念是最基本的概念，从属于空间系统的位移动词的研究就很有意义。从应用角度看，现代英汉语位移动词是一类数量颇大，用法丰富的动词，从语义认知入手来解析动词的句法表现和句子的相关成分的使用情况，对其进行全面的研究，将起到以简驭繁的效果。本文以位移动词为研究对象，从语言事实入手，探讨了位移动词定义和分类依据的标准。我们认为位移的本质是位移力的传递及其作用下位移体的结果变化，围绕位移力这个位移的核心概念，对与位移动词相关的位移要素：位移力、施动体、位移体、位移处所的性质及句法语义特征进行了论述。区分了位移动词和非位移动词，并将位移动词分为自移动词，他移动词和共移动词，列出了空间动词词表，并对各小类句法语义特点进行了论述。运用语义成分分析理论和题元角色理论对英汉语位移动词进行分析对比，找出英汉语位移动词的相似与不同之处。它们的相似之处在于：1）题元角色理论对英汉语动词多义性的认知作用：2）题元角色理论对英汉语动词句法结构的认知指导作用；3）题元角色理论对英汉语动词一词多义的教学指导作用。它们的不同之处在于：1）英汉语移动动词语义组成方式不同，英语移动动词的词汇化程度高于汉语并且英语移动动词种类也远多于汉语。2）英语是形合语，汉语为意合语。英语移动动词宾语的题元角色一般是受事，汉语则不然，其宾语题元角色可以由方式或目标等充当。并将此对比得到的结论运用于机器翻译和对外汉语或英语教学中。在机器翻译中，运用语义成分分析理论对英汉移动动词语义进行分析后，，再运用题元角色理论对语义相同或相似的移动动词进行对比，从而进一步从语义角度对英汉移动动词深入分析，得出它们的相似和不同之处。同理，在对外汉语教学中，也可用此法对比英汉移动动词，以便教授学生辨析不同语言中的近义词。
[Abstract]:The study of displacement verbs is of great significance from a variety of perspectives: from the syntactic and semantic perspectives, the question of verbs and related sentence patterns is the most important issue in the study of English and Chinese grammar. The corresponding relationship between semantic and syntactic components of verbs is an important grammatical subject. From a cognitive point of view, the concept of space is the most basic concept. The study of the displacement verbs subordinate to the spatial system is of great significance. From the perspective of application, the modern English and Chinese displacement verbs are a kind of verbs with a large number and abundant usage. From the perspective of semantic cognition, the syntactic representation of verbs and the use of related components of sentences are analyzed, and a comprehensive study of them will have the effect of simplicity and complexity. In this paper, the definition and classification criteria of displacement verbs are discussed from the linguistic facts. We think that the essence of displacement is the transfer of displacement force and the change of the result of displacement body under action. Around displacement force, the core concept of displacement, the displacement elements related to displacement verbs: displacement force, actuating body, displacement body. The nature and syntactic and semantic characteristics of the displacement place are discussed. The displacement verb is distinguished from the non-displacement verb, and the displacement verb is divided into the self-moving word, the moving word and the co-moving word, and the lexical table of the spatial verb is listed. The syntactic and semantic characteristics of each subcategory are also discussed. Using the theory of semantic component analysis and the theory of meta-role, this paper analyzes and compares the displacement verbs in English and Chinese. Find out the similarities and differences between English and Chinese displacement verbs. Their similarities lie in the cognitive effect of the "1") meta-role theory on the polysemy of English and Chinese verbs: 2). The cognitive guidance of the meta role theory to the syntactic structure of English and Chinese verbs; 3) the teaching guidance of the theory of the meta role in the polysemy of verbs in English and Chinese. The difference between them is that the semantic composition of moving verbs in English and Chinese is different. The lexicalization of mobile verbs in English is higher than that in Chinese and the types of mobile verbs in English are far more than those in Chinese.) English is a hypotaxis and Chinese is an parataxis. In Chinese, the role of object and object can be played by way or goal, and this conclusion is applied to machine translation and teaching Chinese or English as a foreign language. In machine translation, the semantic component analysis theory is used to analyze the semantics of mobile verbs in English and Chinese, and then the theory of topic meta-role is used to compare the verbs with the same or similar semantics. From the semantic point of view, we can find out their similarities and differences. Similarly, in teaching Chinese as a foreign language, we can also use this method to compare English and Chinese mobile verbs. In order to teach students to distinguish and analyze synonyms in different languages.
【学位授予单位】：武汉科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H314;H146

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