“被”字句与无标记受事主语句比较研究

发布时间：2018-02-03 12:00

本文关键词： “被”字句无标记受事主语句差异对比句式转换　出处：《南京林业大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：本文基于“三个平面”语法理论,以现代汉语中的“被”字句和无标记受事主语句为研究对象,分析比较了两种句式句法、语义和语用三个平面的特点。句法平面对“被”字句和无标记受事主语句各成分在句法上的构成和特征进行描写,发现“被”字句在一定条件下会出现省略主语或有零主语的情况,而无标记受事主语句没有零主语的情况；“被”字句处于“被……所……”句式时,光杆动词可以直接充当“被”字句的谓语动词。语义平面比较了“被”字句和无标记受事主语句各成分的语义角色、语义特征、语义色彩、语义限制条件,比较发现“被”字句的主语多具有生命性,而无标记受事主语句的主语多具有无生命性；一些动作性不强的表示心理感知过程的心理动词可以出现在无标记受事主语句中,却不能出现在“被”字句中；“被”字所具有“不如意、有所损失”的语义色彩,强烈的被动意味以及指示句中存在的因果关系是无标记受事主语句无法体现的。语用平面分析了“被”字句和无标记受事主语句的话题功能、话语焦点和话语表达选择,并比较了这两种句式的句式构式意义。论文还讨论了“被”字句和无标记受事主语句的转换及其制约条件。
[Abstract]:Based on the grammar theory of "three planes", this paper analyzes and compares the sentence structure of "Bei" and unmarked subject sentence in modern Chinese. The syntactic plane describes the syntactic composition and characteristics of each component of the sentence "Bei" and the unmarked subject sentence. It is found that under certain conditions, the sentence "Bei" will have the situation of omitting the subject or having a zero subject, while the unmarked subject statement does not have the zero subject. When the sentence "Bei" is in the sentence pattern of "by...", the bare verb can directly act as the predicate verb of the sentence. The semantic plane compares the semantic roles of each component of the sentence "Bei" with that of the unmarked subject. Semantic features, semantic color, semantic constraints, the comparison found that the subject of "be" sentence has life, while the subject of unmarked subject sentence has no life; Some psychological verbs, which are not strong in action, can appear in the unmarked subject sentence, but can not appear in the sentence of "be". The word "be" has the semantic color of "discontentment and loss". The strong passive meaning and the causality in the demonstrative sentence can not be reflected by the unmarked subject sentence. The pragmatic plane analyzes the topic function of the "be" sentence and the unmarked subject sentence. The choice of discourse focus and discourse expression, and the comparison of the construction meanings of these two kinds of sentence patterns are also given. The paper also discusses the transformation of "Bei" sentence and unmarked subject sentence and its restrictive conditions.
【学位授予单位】：南京林业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H146.3

【引证文献】