现代汉语副词及类副词的功能层级研究

发布时间：2018-02-16 04:14

本文关键词： 副词类副词功能层级现代汉语宏观研究类型学　出处：《上海外国语大学》2012年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：本研究以语言的层级观、语言的类型学观和语言的功能-认知观为理论视角，立足于现代汉语副词的丰富语料，建立了现代汉语副词及类副词的功能层级分析结构，从宏观层面取得了对语素层副词、词层副词、短语层副词、小句层副词、句子层副词和语篇层副词以及跨层副词、副词语义类型与层级对应关系、跨语言副词比较等一系列较新的认识或发现，在理论和实践中尝试探索了现代汉语副词宏观研究的可行性和现实意义。本研究由六章内容构成。第一章绪论提出了研究的问题，论证了研究的意义，界定了研究的对象和范围、给出了本文的副词定义和分类简表、制定了四个工作假设、描述了研究的方法、说明了语料的选择。对全文框架作了较为统一的交代，为下文各章节的论述提供必要的线索。第二章文献综述部分主要从两个大的方面来梳理前人和时贤关于副词的论述。其一从宏观探索和微观分析两个角度考察了现代汉语副词的研究现状；其二结合副词的一般性研究和层级研究探讨了国外副词研究的动态；并提出副词的“修饰语+中心语”视角，以此为切入点修改第一章的分类简表，产生本文参照各语言单位层级的中心语和副词结构分析框架。第三、四、五章是全文的核心部分。其中第三章通过语料分析，验证本研究的第一、二个工作假设。概括起来，首先综合讨论语素层副词（MAdv）中单、双音节副词的分布情况和语法特性；然后考察词层副词（WAdv）的附谓副词和附体副词与动词、形容词、名词的组合情况；接着分析短语层副词（PAdv）对名词性短语、动词性短语、形容词性短语进行修饰以及副词连用的情况；其次关注小句层副词（CAdv）在保持小句的衔接和连贯的同时，还兼有词、短语层副词的限定作用或句子、话语层副词的传情表态作用，是几个层级之间的必要过渡；再次讨论对应命题内容之外的情态成分的句子层副词（SAdv）；最后探讨语篇层副词（DAdv）的形式特征和篇章功能。就部分副词可跨越层级以修饰不同层次中心语的情况而言，语料分析显示出一定的倾向性和规律性。第四章检验第三、四个工作假设。一方面对照国内汉语学界对副词语义的常规分类模式，寻找不同层级的副词与不同范畴语义之间的对应关系。另一方面以汉语之外的多语种语料来验证副词层级结构的普遍性，以及可能的留白或差异。第五章为上述发现提供一些理论解释。汉语双音化的演变对现代汉语副词产生了深刻的影响。单音节副词作为典型成员，表现出相对更高的使用频率和更多样的功能表现。单、双音节副词在韵律和语义上都表现出不同的特征。人类的认知因素和语用动因也在不同程度上影响着副词的概念化内容和词汇化形式。第六章结论部分总结全文的研究，归纳前文的主要发现和创新点，指出本文的局限性和存在的不足之处。并指出今后进一步研究的方向和研究前景。本文对现代汉语副词的层级研究主要有以下创新点：（1）现代汉语副词的宏观研究极少，，现有文献中仅张谊生（2000b）单篇论文和褚俊海（2010）历时视角的宏观研究，而综合性共时宏观研究的缺位，不能不说是一种遗憾，本研究试图弥补这一盲点。本文不但建立了贯穿各个语言单位的现代汉语副词层级研究的宏观框架，并且在此框架下，将语素层副词和语篇层副词单独列出，进行了较为充分的分析，挖掘了此两类副词的特性也兼顾了层级框架的系统性。（2）有效廓清了对多义副词和位置灵活多变的副词的笼统认识，指出两者既有联系又有区别，通过对跨层副词的系统性分析，发现了副词层级分布中的某些倾向性和规律性。充分重视副词语义类型的传统研究，将之与本文的副词层级研究对照起来，从这个意义上说，构建了不同于以往的一维的研究体系，形成意义-分布二维观照的宏观框架。（3）首次以汉语副词为本体，整体将汉语副词的层级特性置于语言类型学的视野下，以欧洲和亚洲国家的多种语言进行了跨语言的比较。综合提出了韵律、语义、语用、功能、认知、类型学、文化、历史等多个角度的理论性解释，这在以往的单个研究中也不多见。本文对副词的层级研究具有普通语言学的理论意义。本文尝试使用统一的理论框架来分析副词，一方面立足现代汉语，拟构建一个描写和解释副词的理论模式，可以为丰富现代汉语理论语言学作出一定贡献；另一方面面向世界多种语言，希冀为副词的类型学研究提供一定的参考基础。此外，国外语言学理论对副词的分析以英语为主要语料，汉语的语料研究能提供跨语言的检验证据，有望对现有理论有所发展或补充。同时，本研究也将具有一定的应用价值。根据尹斌庸（1986）和郭锐（2002）等的统计，副词的平均出现频率仅次于动词和名词。换言之，副词的活动能力，即副词平均能量是很高的。由于副词使用的高频率和高活动能力，副词用法呈现丰富的多样性，势必给语言学习者造成学习上的困难。通过本文对副词的梳理，我们期望挖掘出副词意义、功能和分布上的某些共性规律，为对外汉语教学、翻译、中文信息处理等工作提供一些借鉴和帮助。
[Abstract]:In this study, the language level view, language typology and language cognition function theory perspective, enrich the corpus based on Modern Chinese adverbs, established the function level of modern Chinese adverbs and adverbs of structure analysis, from the macro level made of morpheme layer words, word level adverb phrase layer adverb, clause level adverbs, sentence level and discourse level adverbs and adverbs of cross layer adverbs, adverb semantic types and hierarchical relationship, cross language adverbs are a series of more new ideas or discoveries, try to explore the feasibility and practical significance of macroscopic study of modern Chinese adverbs in theory and practice.
This paper consists of six chapters.
The first chapter puts forward the research problems, demonstrates the significance of the research, the definition of the research object and scope, are defined in this paper and the adverb list, formulated four working hypothesis, describes the research methods, illustrates the choice of the corpus. The text gives a unified framework to provide account the necessary clues for the following chapters in this paper.
The second chapter is literature review to sort out former discussion about adverb mainly from two aspects. The one from two aspects of macro and micro analysis research investigates the current status of modern Chinese adverbs; second combining the general research and research level discusses the dynamic study on the adverbs in foreign countries; and some adverbs the "modifier + head" perspective, this is the starting point of the first chapter of the revised list, produced according to the core language and the language adverb structure unit level analysis framework.
Third, fourth, the five chapter is the core part of the thesis. The third chapter through the data analysis, verify the first, second working hypotheses of this study. To sum up, the first comprehensive discussion of morpheme adverbs (MAdv) in single layer, distribution and grammatical characteristics of double syllable adverbs; and then examine the word level adverbs (WAdv) of predicate and adverb attached adverb and verb, adjective, noun combinations; and then analyses the phrase level adverbs (PAdv) of noun phrases, verb phrases, adjective phrases and modified adverbs; secondly on clausal level adverbs (CAdv) in the clause to maintain cohesion and coherence at the same time, also has word, phrase or sentence adverb layer limited role, the role of discourse level adverb Teaser statement, is a necessary transition between several levels; discussed again the sentence modal adverb ingredient corresponding propositional content of the last (SAdv); On the textual level adverbs (DAdv) form features and textual functions. Some adverbs can be modified by different levels across the level of language center case, corpus analysis shows the tendency and regularity.
The fourth chapter examines third, fourth working hypotheses. On the one hand control domestic Chinese scholars conventional classification model of adverbs semantic, find the corresponding relationship between different levels and different semantic category of adverbs. On the other hand the Chinese outside the multilingual corpus to verify the universality of node level adverbs, and possible differences or blank.
The fifth chapter is the findings provide some theoretical explanation. Chinese disyllabic evolution has a profound influence on Modern Chinese adverbs. Monosyllabic adverbs as typical members, show the use frequency is relatively higher and more diverse functions. Single, double syllable adverbs in semantic prosody and have shown different the characteristics of cognitive and pragmatic motivations. Humans also in different influences on the adverbs of conceptual content and vocabulary form.
The sixth chapter is the research conclusion part summarizes the main findings and innovations are summarized above, this paper points out the limitations and shortcomings. And points out the future direction of research and prospects for further research.
The level of research on the modern Chinese adverb mainly has the following innovations:
(1) - the study of modern Chinese adverbs in the existing literature rarely, only a single paper Yisheng (2000b) and Chu (2010) Junhai macro research and comprehensive diachronic perspective, the absence of synchronic macro research, is not a kind of regret, this study tries to make up for the blind. This paper not only establishes the macro framework for the study of adverbs in modern Chinese language level units throughout, and under this framework, the morpheme layer adverbs and discourse level adverbs are listed separately, analyzes the characteristics of the full mining, two kinds of adverbs also takes into account the system hierarchy framework.
(2) the effective clearance of the general understanding of polysemous adverbs and adverbs of position flexible, pointed out that they have both similarities and differences, through the analysis of the system of cross layer adverbs, found some tendency and regularity in the distribution of level adverbs. The full attention of traditional research associate semantic type, the comparison and study of the adverbs of hierarchy, in this sense, construct the research system is different from the previous one, the formation of macro framework of meaning - distribution of two-dimensional notices.
(3) for the first time in the Chinese adverb for the whole body, will be placed on the language characteristics of adverbs type hierarchy perspective, with a variety of languages in Europe and Asia were compared. It provides the cross language semantic, pragmatic, rhythm, function, cognition, typology, cultural, theoretical perspectives historical interpretation of this in a single study in the past are rare.
The significance of this research on theory level adverbs with ordinary linguistics. This thesis tries to analyze the adverb theory using the unified framework, one based on Modern Chinese, intends to construct a theoretical model of description and interpretation of adverbs, can make some contribution to enrich modern Chinese linguistics theory; on the other hand the world languages, hoping to provide the reference basis for the research on the typology of adverbs. In addition, analysis of the adverbs in foreign linguistics theory with English as the main language and study of Chinese language can provide evidence of cross language, is expected to develop or supplement to the existing theory.
At the same time, this research also has certain application value. According to Yin Binyong (1986) and Guo Rui (2002) and other statistics, the average frequency adverbs after verbs and nouns. In other words, adverbs of activity, namely adverbs of average energy is very high. Because the adverbs used in high frequency and high activity adverb, abundant diversity, which will inevitably cause learning difficulties to language learners. Through this sort of adverbs, we expect to dig out some common rules of adverb meaning, function and distribution, translation teaching Chinese as a foreign language, and provide some reference and help Chinese information processing and so on.

【学位授予单位】：上海外国语大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H146

【参考文献】