现代汉语“奇怪”类心理形容词使用情况考察

发布时间：2018-03-04 12:31

本文选题：心理形容词　切入点：“奇怪”义类　出处：《华中师范大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：心理形容词的下位分类可以从语法上进行分类,也可以从语义上进行分类。本文主要是从语义出发,对心理形容词内部的一个语义小类进行了研究。我们选取了一组具有相同或相近语义成分的心理形容词,称为“奇怪"类心理形容词。“奇怪”类心理形容词在语义上都含有典型语义成分,即[-理解],从“刺激——反应”理论来分析,就是说主体(人)在外界客体的刺激下,内心产生了困惑不解的情绪。这一语义上的特点,决定了“奇怪”类心理形容词在句法上经常和疑问词“怎么”、“为什么”共现。这样的用法有独特的语用价值,它符合语言的经济性原则,不这样表达,可能会造成语言交际中表达和理解上的负担。为了更加详细地对“奇怪”类心理形容词进行分析,本文前两章在简要的理论概述之后,选取了典型成员“奇怪”来作个案分析,结合语料对“奇怪”进行了历时和共时的考察和描写。然后,对比分析典型成员“奇怪”与非典型成员的异同,两者的相同之处表现为：一是都可以用于使动结构；二是在表示情绪变化状态时,都可以采用词汇和语法两种手段；三是其后带宾语一般为小句原因宾语。不同之处在于,典型成员“奇怪”的句法表现更为多样化；典型成员“奇怪”的用法正处于发展之中,兼有心理情绪形容词和评说类形容词的语法特点。另外,“奇怪”类心理形容词都具有一定的体意义,这种体意义没有动词那么显著。表达体意义的手段有词汇和语法两种,词汇手段—般是借助“变得”、“越来越”、“正在”等词语,语法手段是“奇怪”类心理形容词和持续体标记“着”、起始体标记“起来”搭配使用,这种搭配与“奇怪”类心理形容词的语义是相关的。最后,本文总结了心理形容词语义小类研究的价值,可以为中文信息处理和对外汉语教学提供参考。
[Abstract]:The lower classification of psychological adjectives can be classified in grammar or semantically. This paper studies a semantic subclass within psychological adjectives. We select a group of psychological adjectives with the same or similar semantic components. It is called "strange" psychological adjective. "strange" psychological adjective contains typical semantic elements in semantics, namely [- understanding], which is analyzed from the theory of "stimulus-reaction", that is, subject (person) is stimulated by external object. This semantic feature determines that "strange" psychological adjectives are often syntactically associated with the interrogative words "how" and "why". This usage has unique pragmatic value. It conforms to the economic principle of language, otherwise it may cause the burden of expression and understanding in language communication. In order to analyze the psychological adjectives of "strange" in more detail, the first two chapters of this paper, after a brief theoretical overview, select the typical member "strange" as a case study. Combining with the corpus, this paper makes a diachronic and synchronic investigation and description of "strange". Then, the similarities and differences between typical members "strange" and "atypical" members are compared and analyzed. The similarities and differences between them are as follows: first, they can be used to make dynamic structures; The second is that both lexical and grammatical means can be used to express the state of emotional change, the third is that the object followed by the object is generally the object for the reason of the clause. The difference is that the syntactic expression of the typical member "strange" is more diversified; The usage of "strange" of typical members is developing, and it has the grammatical characteristics of psychological emotional adjectives and evaluative adjectives. In addition, psychological adjectives such as "strange" have a certain aspect meaning, which is not as significant as a verb. The means of expressing aspect meaning are lexical and grammatical. Lexical means-usually with the help of words such as "becoming", "getting more and more", "being", etc., grammatical means are "strange" psychological adjectives and persistent body markers "Zhe", "starting aspect" marks "come together", This collocation is related to the semantics of "strange" psychological adjectives. Finally, this paper summarizes the value of the study on the semantic subcategories of psychological adjectives, which can provide a reference for Chinese information processing and teaching Chinese as a foreign language.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：H146

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