英汉动结式的类型学研究

发布时间：2018-03-10 08:21

本文选题：类型学　切入点：动结句　出处：《湖南师范大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：本文以语料库中的英汉动结式为对象,主要集中于对其共性和个性的类型学分析阐述。英汉两种语言都有丰富的句法形式来表达动结概念,汉语多是采用分析型表达方式,即深层的两个语义概念在表层上采取了两个语言单位的组合,而英语则既可以采用单个词语的综合型表达手段,又可以是不同形式的分析型表达手段,因此,为了选择具有可比性的参数,本文以分析型动结句式为具体研究对象。有关动结式的研究,学者们分别从其类型、句法和语义方面做了详细的研究,但跨语言比较做得不够,较少涉及类型学方面的研究。本文将从类型学的角度,对英汉动结句进行较为深入的对比研究,以发掘英汉动结句的类型学特征。另外,为了保障理论解释的充分性,文章借用了认知语言学的象似性,语法化,概念转喻和原型范畴理论。方法上,采用定量分析与定性分析相结合,以及数据统计的方法。本文涉及SVO和SOV两种语言类型,其中英语语料有1500多个句子,汉语语料有1800多个句子,还涉及到10余中少数名族语言和外语语料研究。本文从三方面来考察英汉动结式句：第一,对语序的考察,通过对英汉动结句的基本语序以及SVO和SOV类型中其他语言动结式语序的考察,找出动结句的基本语序和语序特征。第二,对英汉动结式的句法类型及其标记性的考察。我们发现,英语三类语序中SVOR和SVR是非标记性的,SVRO是标记性的,汉语八类语序中SVRO、SVR和“把”字句动结式是非标记性的,SOVR、SVOR、SV1OV2R、SVRO1O2和SV1O1OV2RO2属于标记形式。第三,对动结句语法等级的考察。通过考察,本文得出动结句的两个语法等级关系。分别是英汉动结式致事选择语法等级和结果补语语法等级。认知语言学认为,语言不仅仅是对外部世界的反映,还与人们的认知能力、对外部世界的感知和概念化方式紧密相关,因此本文利用认知语言学中的概念隐喻理论和原型范畴理论来解释英汉动结句的类型学特征。了解掌握英汉动结式的共性这对我们习得这种句法形式有着很重要的指导意义,对英语和对外汉语教学有一定的帮助,同时对我们做此类文本翻译也有很现实的辅助意义。
[Abstract]:This paper focuses on the typological analysis of generality and individuality in English and Chinese corpus. Both English and Chinese have abundant syntactic forms to express the concept of verb knot. That is to say, the two deep semantic concepts adopt the combination of two linguistic units on the surface, and English can use both a single word's comprehensive expression and different forms of analytical expression. In order to select comparable parameters, this paper takes the analytical verb-knot as the specific research object. On the study of verbose conjunctions, scholars have made detailed studies on their types, syntax and semantics, but the cross-linguistic comparison is not enough, and there is less research on typology. This paper will focus on typology. The contrastive study is carried out in order to find out the typological characteristics of English and Chinese verb-knot sentences. In addition, in order to ensure the adequacy of theoretical interpretation, the paper borrows the iconicity and grammaticalization of cognitive linguistics. Conceptual metonymy and prototype category theory. In terms of methods, quantitative analysis and qualitative analysis, as well as statistical methods, are adopted. This paper deals with two language types, SVO and SOV, in which there are more than 1 500 sentences in English corpus. There are more than 1800 sentences in Chinese corpus. This paper examines English and Chinese verb-resultant sentences from three aspects: first, the study of word order, the basic word order of English and Chinese verb-knot sentences and the order of other languages in SVO and SOV. Find out the basic word order and word order characteristics of utterance knots. Secondly, we investigate the syntactic types and their markedness of English and Chinese verbatim conjunctions. We find that SVOR and SVR, which are non-marked, are marked in three English word orders. In the eight word orders of Chinese, SVRO-SVR and "Ba" sentence's verb-conjunctive and non-marked form belong to marked form. Third, the grammatical level of verb-junction sentence is investigated. Through investigation, we can find out that SVRO-SVR and SV1O1OV2RO2 belong to the marked form of SV1OV2RNSVRO1O2 and SV1O1OV2RO2. In this paper, there are two grammatical hierarchies between English and Chinese verb-resultant sentences, that is, the grammatical levels of resultant complements and the grammatical levels of resultant complements. Cognitive linguistics holds that language is not only a reflection of the external world, but also closely related to people's cognitive ability, perception and conceptualization of the external world. Therefore, this paper uses the conceptual metaphor theory and prototype category theory in cognitive linguistics to explain the typological characteristics of English and Chinese verb-knot sentences. It is of great significance for us to understand the generality of English and Chinese verb-resultant sentences, which is of great significance to our acquisition of this kind of syntactic form. It is helpful to the teaching of English and Chinese as a foreign language.
【学位授予单位】：湖南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H04

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