基于语料库的比较句式“跟、有、比”的描写与分析

发布时间：2018-03-10 17:55

本文选题：语料库　切入点：比较句式　出处：《北京大学》2012年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：本文在前人研究的基础上，确定了“跟”“有”“比”三种句法性比较句式作为研究对象，根据平衡语料对这三种比较句式进行了描写和分析，勾勒了其句式的分布表现、句法语义和词汇特点，对比了其在书面语语料和口语语料中的语体差异。并在描写分析的基础上，进一步讨论了比较句式的整合和分化的理论问题。本文的写作包括四个部分，通论、分论、总论和结论。第一章和第二章的通论部分回顾了前人关于比较句式的界定和描写研究，确立了本文的研究设计。本文将比较句式概括为词汇句式和句法句式两种，并将研究对象聚焦在句法句式：以虚词（介词“跟”“有”“比”）为核心形成的比较句式上。第三章至第五章的分论部分结合国家语委语料库及北京口语等语料库对比较句式“跟”“有”“比”的分布情况、句法特点、语义特点和词汇搭配等表现进行了逐一描写。我们发现，“跟”句式在比较语义上表现为等同比较、近似比较、不同比较，，其中等同比较的“跟”句式数量最多。“有”句式在比较语义上表现为等同比较、不及比较两种，绝大多数“有”句式都表示等同比较。“比”句式在比较语义上表现为胜过比较、等同比较和不及比较三种，绝大多数“比”句式都表胜过比较。本文对其下类的各种具体比较句式的语法功能、语义特点和词汇搭配又进行了进一步的描写。同时还对比了这些比较句式在书面语语料和口语语料中表现出的具体语体差异。第六章的总论部分将“跟”“有”“比”句式统一地整合为比较语义向比较结构的投射结果并探讨了促使这三种句式的分化的认知、词汇、语义和语体动因。本文认为，语言的“象似性”为比较句式的整合提供了基础：“跟”“有”“比”比较句式都是比较结构对比较语义的临摹的结果。而语言中存在的“隐现制约”、“虚实互选”、“强弱互选”三对关系是造成“跟”“有”“比”在比较项目、比较标记和比较结果上出现分化的主要原因。第七章结论部分回顾了本文所做的工作，讨论了比较句式的教学问题，并总结了本文的创新点和不足之处。
[Abstract]:On the basis of previous studies, this paper determines three syntactic comparative sentence patterns as the object of study, describes and analyzes the three comparative sentence patterns according to the balanced corpus, and outlines the distribution of the sentence patterns. The syntactic, semantic and lexical features are compared with the differences between the written and spoken corpus. On the basis of descriptive analysis, the theoretical problems of the integration and differentiation of comparative sentence patterns are further discussed. This thesis consists of four parts: general theory, division theory, general theory and conclusion. In the first and second chapters, the author reviews the previous studies on the definition and description of comparative sentence patterns, and establishes the research design of this paper. The research object is focused on syntactic sentence structure: a comparative sentence pattern formed by function words (preposition "and" you ") as the core. The third to 5th chapters are divided into two parts: the distribution and syntactic characteristics of the comparative sentence pattern "and" with "there", combined with the National language Commission Corpus and the Corpus of spoken Chinese in Beijing, etc. The semantic features and lexical collocations are described one by one. Among them, the number of "and" sentence pattern is the most. "you" sentence expression is equivalent to comparison in comparative semantics, less than comparison, most of "you" sentence pattern means equivalent comparison. "Bei" sentence expression is better than comparison in comparative semantics. Most of the "bi" sentence patterns are superior to comparison. This paper deals with the grammatical functions of various specific comparative sentence patterns in the following categories. The semantic features and lexical collocations are further described, and the differences between these comparative sentence patterns in the written and spoken corpus are also compared. The general part of Chapter 6th unifies the sentence pattern of "with" and "you" into the result of projection from comparative semantics to comparative structure, and discusses the cognitive, lexical, semantic and stylistic motivations that contribute to the differentiation of these three sentence patterns. The "iconicity" of language provides the basis for the integration of comparative sentence patterns: "with" has "than" comparative sentences are the result of comparative structures' copying of comparative semantics, while the language's "hidden constraints", "mutual selection of virtual reality", "strong and weak" Selecting "three pairs of relationships" from one another is the result of "comparing" with "having" in the comparison of items, The main causes of differentiation in comparison markers and results. The conclusion of Chapter 7th reviews the work done in this paper, discusses the teaching problems of comparative sentence structure, and summarizes the innovation and deficiency of this paper.
【学位授予单位】：北京大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H146

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