从《骆驼样子》及其英译本看汉英语言的语用特征

发布时间：2018-03-11 02:11

本文选题：骆驼祥子　切入点：主题突出　出处：《青岛大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：著名语言学家赵元任先生曾经说过：“所谓语言学理论,实际上就是语言的比较,就是世界各民族语言综合比较研究得出的科学结论”(王力,1983：40)。这说明研究语言学的基本方法是比较的方法。而无论哪一种语言的比较研究,都需要语言学理论的指导。长期以来许多学者从不同角度对《骆驼祥子》及其英译本进行了研究,例如有的翻译学者从翻译策略的角度研究《骆驼祥子》的伊万·金英译本；还有的学者从功能对等视角研究《骆驼祥子》的施晓菁和伊万·金两个英译本；其他的一些学者也分别从顺应理论、语用原则的角度研究了《骆驼祥子》及其英译本。但是将其汉语本与英译本进行对照从而探究汉英语言语用差异的研究不多。本文采取老舍先生的《骆驼祥子》和施晓菁的英译本为对比语料,通过对汉语和英语的语用特点对比进行分析研究。话题是当代语言学中一个十分重要的概念,也是近半个世纪以来西方语言学界和汉语语言学界的热门话题。以美国语言学家李纳和汤普生为代表的语言类型学认为,汉语属于以主题突出的语言,而英语则属于以主语突出的语言。汉语一般是在句首提出一个话题,不需要通过语法手段使主谓保持一致,采用主题——述题结构加以论述说明；英语中,主谓结构在句子中占据主导地位,是组织句子的主线,其他成分围绕这条主线相互连接,形成有机统一体。自二十世纪七十年代韩礼德和哈桑出版《英语中的衔接》(1976)一书,并创立了衔接理论以来,衔接理论一直备受语言学界和翻译界的关注。在该书中,韩礼德和哈桑把衔接手段划分为语法衔接和词汇衔接：前者包括照应,替代,省略,连接；后者包括词汇重复和词语搭配。不少国内外专家力图确立衔接在语篇生成中的地位,并阐释了其在语篇翻译中的重要意义。而译者对于源语和译入语的衔接手段异同的认识和把握,不仅会影响译者对原文的理解,更会影响生成译文的质量。本研究拟在语言学和翻译学的理论框架下,从语用的研究视角出发,对《骆驼祥子》及其英译本进行对比研究,尤其是汉语主题突出与英语主语突出的翻译转换问题和汉语、英语的衔接转换问题。研究将重点分析《骆驼祥子》的汉语原文和英译本之间在翻译中的衔接转换,特别体现出源语与译文在指称、替代、省略、连接和词汇衔接等方面的差异,并阐释出汉语和英语的衔接特征。本研究目的在于进一步认识汉英语用因素对翻译的影响,旨在指导以后的翻译实践,为译者提供一条有效的翻译途径。
[Abstract]:Mr. Zhao Yuanren, a famous linguist, once said, "the so-called linguistic theory is actually the comparison of languages." It is the scientific conclusion of the comprehensive comparative study of the languages of all nationalities in the world "(Wang Li, 1983: 40). This shows that the basic method of linguistic research is the method of comparison, and no matter which language is the comparative study, For a long time, many scholars have studied "Hump Xiangzi by Locke" and its English translation from different angles. For example, some translation scholars have studied the English translation of "Hump Xiangzi" from the perspective of translation strategy. Other scholars study the English translations of Shi Xiaojing and Ivan King from the perspective of functional equivalence. Some other scholars also study the adaptation theory. From the perspective of pragmatic principles, this paper studies Locke Hump Xiangzi and its English translation. However, there are few studies on the pragmatic differences between Chinese and English by comparing the Chinese version with the English version. And Shi Xiaojing's English translation is a comparative corpus. By comparing the pragmatic characteristics of Chinese and English, the topic is a very important concept in contemporary linguistics. It has also been a hot topic in western linguistics and Chinese linguists for nearly half a century. Linguistic typology, represented by American linguists Li Na and Thompson, believes that Chinese is a language with a prominent theme. English belongs to the subject-prominent language. Chinese usually raises a topic at the beginning of the sentence, and does not need grammatical means to keep the subject-predicate consistent. The subject-predicate structure plays a dominant role in sentences and is the main line of organizing sentences. The other elements are connected to each other and form an organic unity. Since Halliday and Hassan published cohesion in English in 1970s, In the book, Halliday and Hasan divide cohesive devices into grammatical cohesion and lexical cohesion: the former includes reference, substitution, ellipsis and conjunction; The latter includes lexical repetition and collocation. Many domestic and foreign experts try to establish the position of cohesion in discourse generation. It also explains its significance in the translation of the text, and the translator's understanding of the similarities and differences between the source language and the target language will not only affect the translator's understanding of the source text. This study is intended to make a contrastive study of Xiangzi Locke and his English translation from the perspective of pragmatics within the theoretical framework of linguistics and translation. In particular, the translation conversion between the Chinese theme and the English subject and the cohesion between Chinese and English. The study will focus on the cohesion transformation between the Chinese original text and the English translation of "Xiangzi Locke". In particular, the differences between the source language and the target language in the aspects of reference, substitution, ellipsis, conjunction and lexical cohesion are reflected, and the cohesive characteristics of Chinese and English are explained. The purpose of this study is to further understand the influence of the use of Chinese and English on translation. The purpose of this paper is to guide the translation practice in the future and to provide an effective way for the translator to translate.
【学位授予单位】：青岛大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H030;H315.9

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