《千字文》语言研究

发布时间：2018-03-25 05:33

本文选题：千字文　切入点：语言　出处：《重庆师范大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：《千字文》作为一本诞生于魏晋南北朝时期的童蒙教材，在中国古代童蒙读物中处于一个承上启下的地位。作者周兴嗣在南朝梁武帝时期，官拜安成王国侍郎。《千字文》是他流传最广的作品。因《千字文》是由王羲之碑帖上拓印下来的一千个字连缀而成，所以在流传的一千四百年间，受到历代书法家的喜爱，然而，对《千字文》进行语言文字研究的文章却几乎没有。本文拟从语言文字的角度出发，分析研究《千字文》的用字、句法、结构、用韵、修辞，借此突出《千字文》琅琅上口、文辞华丽、气势磅礴的特点。希望可以为更深入更透彻的了解研究《千字文》作出贡献。《千字文》在内容上涵盖了天文、地理、历史、自然、社会等多方面的知识，可以称得上是一部生动的小百科全书；在形式上注重声韵，通篇由四字句组成，读来琅琅上口，几乎字无重复，再加上文采斐然，非常适合儿童诵读与摹写，是一部极其优秀的童蒙教材。在用字方面，《千字文》虽然只有1000个字，但是经过了一千四百多年的流传，它使用的大部分字在今天仍然属于常用汉字，可见它对汉语的影响力之大。在句法方面，《千字文》四字一句，整齐明快，承袭《诗经》中四言诗的朴实整饬的特点，同时也具备断句灵活的特点，，其中相同或相近的内容连续使用相同或者相近句式，有助于让读者更好的分辨和记忆内容，它的这些特点也极大的影响了后来的《三字经》、《百家姓》、《幼学琼林》等作品。《千字文》大量运用修辞，形象生动，全文大量运用对偶，用典丰富，既契合了魏晋南北朝时期的时代特点，又摒弃了骈文的富丽浮夸，具有深刻的文学价值，其中许多成语流传至今。《千字文》的用韵继承了《诗经》的传统，采取了四言诗的形式，每两句为一组，每组两句押韵一次，第一组和最后一组也押韵，全篇一共有127个字押韵。使得它读来优美而整饬。
[Abstract]:As a textbook born in the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern dynasties, Thousand characters is in an important position in the reading material of ancient China. The author Zhou Xingsi was in the period of Emperor Wu of Liang Dynasty in the Southern Dynasty. The official Bian Cheng Kingdom Shi Lang. "thousand characters" is his most widely circulated work. Because the "thousand characters" is composed of a thousand characters printed on the inscription of Wang Xizhi, it has been loved by calligraphers of all dynasties during the 1400 years of circulation. However, there are few articles on the study of Chinese characters and characters. From the perspective of language and characters, this paper intends to analyze and study the usage, syntax, structure, rhyme and rhetoric of "thousand characters". In order to highlight the "thousand words" catchy, ornate, majestic characteristics of the hope for a deeper and more thorough understanding of the study of "thousand words" to make a contribution. "Thousand characters" covers many aspects of astronomy, geography, history, nature, society, and so on. It can be called a vivid encyclopedia. It pays attention to rhyme in form and consists of four characters. Almost no repetition, plus brilliant literary style, very suitable for children to recite and copy, is an extremely good children's textbooks. Although there are only 1000 characters, most of the characters it uses still belong to common Chinese characters today, so it has a great influence on Chinese language. In syntactic terms, the four-character sentence of "thousand characters" is neat and lively, inheriting the simple and neat features of the four-character poem in the Book of songs, and at the same time having the characteristics of flexible breakage, in which the same or similar content uses the same or similar sentence structure continuously. It is helpful for readers to distinguish and memorize the content better, and these characteristics greatly affect the later works, such as the three characters Classic, the hundred surname, the Young Learning Qionglin and so on. "Thousand characters" is a large number of rhetoric, vivid image, the full text of a large use of duality, rich in the use of both the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern dynasties in line with the characteristics of the times, but also abandoned the rich and pompous parallel prose, with profound literary value, Many of these idioms have been passed down to this day. The rhyme of "Thousand characters" inherits the tradition of the Book of songs and takes the form of a four-character poem, in which every two sentences rhyme once, and the first and last rhymes rhyme as well. There are 127 rhymes in the whole piece, which makes it beautiful and neat.
【学位授予单位】：重庆师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H109.2

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