汉字“火”的隐喻和转喻研究

发布时间：2018-03-26 13:48

本文选题：火　切入点：隐喻　出处：《东北师范大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：自上个世纪八十年代初期以来，隐喻和转喻开始成为认知语言领域研究的焦点之一。西方传统理论认为隐喻和转喻是特殊的修辞手段，经常运用于诗歌或小说中。LakoffJohnson(1980)对隐喻和转喻做出了全新的定义和解释。在他们的著作《我们赖以生存的隐喻》中，他们提出了概念隐喻和概念转喻理论。从此，隐喻和转喻研究进入了一个新时代—认知语言学时代。认知语言学家认为，隐喻和转喻绝非仅仅是一种语言现象，也体现了人类认知的普遍规律。它们与人类的思维方式有着密切的联系，并存在于我们生活的各个方面。概念隐喻的本质是用一个概念去认知和理解另一个概念，，即由源域向目标域的映射。同隐喻一样，转喻也是人类重要的认知方式，“是发生在同一认知模型（即理想化认知模型中）的操作过程，其中一个概念实体为另一个概念实体提供心理通道”(RaddenKovecses,1999:39)。隐喻建立在“相似性”的基础上，涉及到不同域之间的映射，而转喻是以“邻近性”为基础，通常发生在同一域内，即用同一突显性的、易感知的事物或概念来代替另一个事物或概念。然而，虽然“域”是概念隐喻和概念转喻之间主要的区分标准，但“域”本身就是个十分模糊的概念。因此，隐喻和转喻的区分难以界定。事实上，有许多概念的产生是概念隐喻和概念转喻共同作用的结果。 LakoffJohnson（1980）将概念隐喻分为三大类：方位隐喻，结构隐喻和本体隐喻。对于概念转喻的分类，本文则认为RaddenKovecses的分类相对系统和具体。RaddenKovecses （1999）把转喻分为两大部分：整体和部分之间的转喻以及整体的部分与部分之间的转喻。本论文将根据LakoffJohnson概念隐喻和概念转喻的理论，对汉语中汉字“火”的隐喻和转喻进行分析和研究，旨在探讨汉字“火”意义衍生的类型和理据。本研究旨在回答以下三个研究问题： 1.概念火的隐喻和转喻有哪些？ 2.概念火是如何通过隐喻和转喻映射到其他认知域的？ 3.概念火隐喻和转喻的意义延伸的认知理据是什么？火是人类生存和发展的关键，同时也是中国古代物质观—五行（金，木，水，火，土）的五大元素之一。所以，中国人对火的认识十分深刻。汉语中大量的语料都表明了对汉字“火”的概念化。通过对语料的分析，本论文发现火可以转喻为“工具”和“灾难”，同时也可以隐喻到抽象的“危险”域和“情感”域。上述的一些主域又可以近一步地划分为不同的次域，例如：“武器”域、“战争”域、“气愤”域、“紧急”域、“希望”域和“爱情”域。这些主域和次域以错综复杂的方式相互联系，都建立在概念隐喻和概念转喻或者它们之间相互作用的基础上。此外，本研究还发现，“火”的隐喻和转喻的形成还受到中国传统文化的影响。有些“火”的隐喻和转喻是中国文化所特有的。
[Abstract]:Since the early eighties of the last century, metaphor and metonymy have become one of the focal points in the field of cognitive language. Traditional western theories hold that metaphor and metonymy are special rhetorical devices. Often used in poetry or fiction. Lakoff Johnsonian (1980) provides a new definition and interpretation of metaphor and metonymy. In their book metaphors on which we live, they put forward the theory of conceptual metaphors and metonymy. The study of metaphor and metonymy has entered a new era-cognitive linguistics. Cognitive linguists believe that metaphor and metonymy are not only a linguistic phenomenon, but also a universal law of human cognition. And exists in every aspect of our life. The essence of conceptual metaphor is to use one concept to recognize and understand another concept, that is, mapping from source domain to target domain. Metonymy is also an important cognitive way of human beings. "it is the operation of the same cognitive model (i.e. idealized cognitive model). One of the conceptual entities provides a psychological channel for the other conceptual entity, "Radden Kovecsesa 1999: 391.metaphor is based on" similarity "and involves mapping between different domains, whereas metonymy is based on" proximity "and usually occurs in the same domain. That is, to replace another thing or concept with the same salient, perceptible thing or concept. However, while "domain" is the main criterion for the distinction between conceptual metaphor and conceptual metonymy, Therefore, the distinction between metaphor and metonymy is difficult to define. In fact, many concepts come into being as a result of the interaction of conceptual metaphor and conceptual metonymy. Lakoff Johnsonian (1980) classifies conceptual metaphor into three categories: orientation metaphor, structural metaphor and ontological metaphor. This paper argues that RaddenKovecses's relative system of classification and specific. Radden Kovecses 1999) divides metonymy into two parts: metonymy between whole and part and metonymy between whole and part. This thesis will be based on the theory of LakoffJohnson conceptual metaphor and conceptual metonymy. This paper analyzes and studies the metaphor and metonymy of "fire" in Chinese characters, with a view to exploring the types and motivations of the derivation of the meaning of "fire" in Chinese characters. The purpose of this study is to answer the following three research questions:. 1. What are the metaphors and metonyms of conceptual fire? 2. How does conceptual fire map to other cognitive domains through metaphor and metonymy? 3. What are the cognitive motivations for the extension of conceptual fire metaphor and metonymy? Fire is the key to the survival and development of mankind, and it is also one of the five elements of the five elements (gold, wood, water, fire, earth) in ancient China. The Chinese people have a deep understanding of fire. A lot of data in Chinese show the conceptualization of the Chinese character "fire". This paper finds that fire can be transformed into "tools" and "disasters", and can also be metaphorically transformed into abstract "danger" and "emotional" domains. Some of the above main domains can be further divided into different subdomains. For example, "weapons", "war", "anger", "emergency", "hope" and "love". Are based on conceptual metaphors and conceptual metonymy or their interactions. The study also finds that the formation of metaphor and metonymy of fire is also influenced by Chinese traditional culture, and that some metaphors and metonymy of fire are unique to Chinese culture.
【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H15

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