日语汉字词对日本学生学习汉语正负迁移及其策略研究

发布时间：2018-03-28 04:33

本文选题：汉字词　切入点：对日汉语教学　出处：《吉林大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：汉字教学一直以来都被认为是对外汉语教学中的重点和难点，而一般在教学中对于汉语的教学都是侧重在对于非汉字圈的学生进行的，对于对外汉语教学的课程设置、教学方法和教材方面也都多根据非汉字圈的学生进行编排的，只是因为大家普遍认为像日本这样的属于汉字圈的留学生具有学习汉字的优势，汉字对于日本学生这样的汉字文化圈留学生来说不算是难点，然而这种观念是不够客观的和科学的。二语习得迁移理论认为，母语对日本学生学习汉语的影响既有正迁移作用，，也有负迁移作用，目的语内也会有正迁移作用和负迁移作用。结合日本人的母语背景来说，由于日语中有相当大一部分的汉字词成分存在，这其中有同形同义词，包括汉日完全相同的，这类词日本学生可以比较容易的看字形知道词义，并且不会出现任何的错误，完全能够掌握。还有汉日基本相同的，在学习当中不会给学习者带来太大的干扰和麻烦，以上这类的词汇基本上是对日本学生带来正迁移作用的。还有一类是汉日完全不同的，在日语中没有与之相对应的汉语词语，这是教学中的难点要格外重视。此外还有汉日同形异义词，这类词是最容易出现错误和最难掌握的，但是通过课堂教学是可以纠正和避免的。本文以二语习得迁移理论为依据，用辩证的角度阐述分析了日语和汉语之间在汉字、汉字词存在的异同关系，在此基础上提出了自己的观点和见解。导言部分提出本文的选题缘起及意义价值、已有研究成果综述、研究的主要问题、研究范围、研究方法以及创新点。第二部分从日语汉字词与所对应的汉语词语的对比角度出发，从词形、字形、意义上进行对比分析，对日汉同形词进行探讨。第三部分通过对日语的汉字词与汉语词语的对比分析，探讨日语中的汉字词对日本学习者学习汉语所产生的正迁移作用。第四部分着重探讨了日语汉字词对日本学生学习汉语所带来的负迁移作用，分析其中的利弊。第五部分根据对比结果总结出对正迁移的利用和对负迁移的纠正及避免，其中包括的课堂、教材、课程设置方面所要注意的地方。有所侧重的提出自己的观点和见解，也是对对日汉语教学的建议。从而为下一步的教学做准备。第六部分总结全文，对自己的所探讨的内容进行总体概括。
[Abstract]:Chinese characters teaching has always been regarded as a focus and difficulty in teaching Chinese as a foreign language, usually in the teaching in Chinese teaching is emphasized in the circle of students for non Chinese characters, setting for the foreign language teaching curriculum, teaching methods and teaching materials have many students according to the arrangement of the circle Chinese characters just because it is generally believed that, like Japan belongs to the circle of students with learning Chinese characters Chinese characters advantages for Japanese students Chinese characters such cultural circle of students Chinese characters is not difficult, but this concept is not enough objective and scientific thought. The two language acquisition theory of transfer, both positive transfer of mother tongue the Japanese students learning Chinese influence, also has a negative role in the target language, there will be positive transfer and negative transfer. Combined with the Japanese nativelanguage background, as in Japanese There is a considerable part of the word Chinese characters components, which have the same form of synonyms, including Chinese and Japanese alike, this kind of word of Japanese students can easily see the characters know word, and will not be any error, can fully master. There are Chinese and Japanese are basically the same, not for learning in learning bring the interference and too much trouble, above this kind of vocabulary is basically to Japanese students bring positive effects. There is a Chinese completely different, Chinese words in Japanese and no corresponding, this is a difficult point in teaching should pay special attention to. In addition, Chinese and Japanese homographs homograph, such words are the most prone to errors and the most difficult to master, but through classroom teaching can be corrected and avoided.
Based on the two language acquisition migration theory as the basis, elaborated by the perspective of dialectical analysis between Chinese and Japanese in Chinese characters, words Chinese characters of the similarities and differences between, on this basis put forward their own views and opinions. The introduction presents the origin and significance of the topics of this value, have been summarized, the main problems, research the scope of the study, research methods and innovations. The comparison of the second part from the Japanese word Chinese characters and corresponding Chinese words starting from the morphology, shape, meaning of comparative analysis on Chinese Japanese homograph isdiscussed. The comparative analysis of the third part of the Japanese Chinese characters words and Chinese words, to explore the positive transfer function Chinese characters words in Japanese to Japanese learners generated. The fourth part focuses on the Japanese word Chinese characters learning Chinese brings negativeeffects to Japanese students, analyze the The advantages and disadvantages. In the fifth part, according to the comparison results summed up the use of positive transfer and negative transfer to correct and avoid, including classroom, teaching materials, curriculum should pay attention to the place. The emphasis put forward its own views and opinions, but also on the Japanese Chinese teaching so as to prepare for the next proposal. A step of teaching. The sixth part is the conclusion, on their own on the contentsummary.

【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H195

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