陌生语言中的人名辨别

发布时间：2018-03-29 02:34

本文选题：普通名词　切入点：人名　出处：《上海外国语大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：专有名词，作为几乎任何一种语言中的一个类别，是心理词汇的重要组成部分,在很多方面与普通名词都有明显的区别。在形态句法方面，专有名词前面一般没有冠词，也没有形态上的曲折变化；从语义角度来看，专有名词只有例指称，而不像普通名词那样具有类别指称；从音系学上来看，至少对英语的研究表明专有名词和普通名词的韵律模式不一样；而从心理语言学的角度来看，“词在唇边现象”中提取失败的主要还是专有名词；神经电生理学上的实验表明比起普通名词，专有名词能诱发更多的N1和P2电位。为了探究专有名词是否在语音上也具有其自身的特色，我们设计了两个实验。我们假设人名在语音上具有不同于普通名词的自身特点，那么作为听者应该能从语句中（不知其意义的语流中）将其辨别出来。第一个实验中的被试为不懂一点瑞典语（或与瑞典语很相似的语言）的中国人，刺激物是35句瑞典语，，每句话中的人名和普通名词的音节长短基本相似，人名和普通名词被分别设置在主语或宾语的位置，目的是让被试者看，或者边看边听瑞典语，从两个名词中选出他们所认为的瑞典人名。第二个实验的被试是不懂中文的瑞典人，刺激物为60句中文，实验过程和第一个实验相同。两个实验的结果表明：1)人名可能具有不同于普通名词的语音特点；2)人名语音上的这个特点和其所在句中的位置具有相关性；3)被试者倾向于认为句子的主语位置即为人名，这与现存的语料中人名出现在主语上的概率相符。
[Abstract]:Proper nouns, as a category in almost any language, are an important part of mental vocabulary and are distinct from common nouns in many respects. In terms of morphology and syntax, proper nouns generally do not have articles before them. From a semantic point of view, proper nouns have only examples of references, not category references as common nouns; from the perspective of phonology, From the perspective of psycholinguistics, the main failure of word extraction from the perspective of psycholinguistics is the proper noun, at least in English, which shows that proper nouns and common nouns have different prosodic patterns, and from the perspective of psycholinguistics, it is the proper nouns that fail to extract words from lips. Neuroelectrophysiological experiments have shown that proper nouns induce more N1 and P2 potentials than common nouns. In order to find out whether proper nouns have their own characteristics in pronunciation, we designed two experiments. Well, as listeners, they should be able to distinguish them from the sentence (a stream of words that do not know its meaning). In the first experiment, the subjects were Chinese who did not know a little Swedish (or a language very similar to Swedish), and the stimulus was 35 Swedish. The syllable length of each sentence is similar to that of a common noun. The person's name and the common noun are placed in the position of subject or object, respectively, in order for the subject to see, or to listen to Swedish while watching. The subjects of the second experiment were Swedes who did not understand Chinese, and the stimulant was 60 sentences in Chinese. The process of the experiment was the same as the first one. The results of two experiments show that: 1) A person's name may have a phonetic characteristic different from a common noun.) the phonetic feature of a person's name is related to the position in the sentence. (3) the subjects tend to think that the subject position of the sentence is the person's name. This is consistent with the probability that the names appear on the subject in the existing corpus.
【学位授予单位】：上海外国语大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H04

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