乐山话声调实验研究

发布时间：2018-03-29 03:19

本文选题：乐山话声调　切入点：声学语音学　出处：《复旦大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：汉语声调的演变是语音学研究和方言学研究的重要课题之一,声调的简化与合并是汉语声调演变的一大趋势。近年来,实验语音学的发展,让汉语方言学的研究手段更加多样化,研究结果也更为直观、准确和可靠。本文运用实验语音学中“声学语音学”和“感知语音学”的研究方法,对乐山话中五个声调进行声学描写和感知描写,尤其对阳平调和上声调的声学表现和感知距离进行比较；同时结合社会语言学中的调查方法,观察阳平调和上声调在不同年龄人群中的表现,初步论证两个声调处于“近似合并”的过程中。调型相似、调值接近是二者发生“近似合并”的主要原因,同时也可能受到周围方言点合并扩散的影响。本文正文主要分为五个部分： 1.绪论：主要介绍选题意义、研究方法及步骤,以及相关文献的综述。 2.乐山音系：主要介绍乐山市历史地理人文概况以及乐山话语音概况,主要是乐山话声韵调的基本情况。 3.乐山话声调的声学研究：主要运用声学语音学的研究方法对乐山话声调进行声学描写,包括使用相关实验仪器进行录音,并对语音材料,主要是基频、时长等数据进行相关的声学分析,根据基频归一化的结果对乐山话声调进行准确标调；计算乐山话单字调基频样本的主体分布和极限分布；用“最小对立体”的方法对阳平调和上声调的声学表现进行进一步比较分析。 4.乐山话声调的感知研究：主要运用keith Johnson进行感知实验的基本方法,同时结合社会语言学的调查方法,设计了针对乐山话声调的感知相似性实验、阳平调上声调区别实验、阳平调上声调单字组辨认实验、阳平调上声调两字组辨认实验等四个实验,观察乐山话声调间的感知距离,尤其关注阳平调和上声调的感知差异度。 5.结论：结合William Labov关于“近似合并”的论述以及前文声学实验、感知实验的结果我们发现认为乐山话阳平调和上声调处于“近似合并”的过程当中,并初步论证调型相似、调值相近是二者发生“近似合并“的主要原因。
[Abstract]:The evolution of Chinese tones is one of the most important subjects in phonetics and dialectology. The simplification and merging of tones is a major trend in the evolution of Chinese tones. In recent years, experimental phonetics has developed. It makes the research methods of Chinese dialectology more diversified, and the research results more intuitive, accurate and reliable. This paper uses the research methods of "acoustic phonetics" and "perceptual phonetics" in experimental phonetics. Acoustical description and perceptual description of five tones in Leshan dialect, especially comparison of acoustic performance and perceptual distance between tones of Yangping and uppermost tones, combined with sociolinguistic survey methods, By observing the performance of Yangping harmonic upper tone in different age groups, it is preliminarily demonstrated that the two tones are in the process of "approximate amalgamation". At the same time, it may also be affected by the consolidation and diffusion of the surrounding dialect points. The text of this paper is divided into five parts:. 1. Introduction: introduce the significance of the topic, research methods and procedures, as well as the review of relevant literature. 2. Leshan phonetic system: it mainly introduces the historical geography and humanities of Leshan city and the general situation of Leshan dialect pronunciation, mainly the basic situation of Leshan dialect's tone and rhyme. 3. Acoustic study on the tones of Leshan dialect: it mainly uses the method of acoustic phonetics to describe the tones of Leshan dialect, including recording the tones with related experimental instruments, and the phonetic materials, mainly the fundamental frequency, According to the results of the normalization of the fundamental frequency, the tone of Leshan dialect is accurately adjusted, the main body distribution and the limit distribution of the basic frequency sample of the single word tone of Leshan dialect are calculated. The acoustic performance of the tone in Yangping harmony is further compared and analyzed by the method of "minimum to solid". 4. The research on the perception of the tones of Leshan dialect: this paper mainly uses the basic method of keith Johnson to carry on the perception experiment, at the same time, combined with the method of sociolinguistic investigation, it designs the experiment of perception similarity for the tones of Leshan dialect, and the experiment of tone differentiation on the positive level. Four experiments were conducted to observe the perceptual distance between the tones of Leshan dialect, especially the perceptual difference between the tones of Yangping and the upper tone of the Leshan dialect, and four experiments, namely, the recognition experiment of the single character group of the tone on the positive tone and the recognition experiment of the two-character group of the tone group on the level of the positive tone. 5. Conclusion: based on William Labov's discussion of "approximate merging" and previous acoustic experiments, we find that the upper tone of Yangping harmony in Leshan dialect is in the process of "approximate merging", and preliminarily prove that the tone type is similar. The similar adjustment value is the main reason for the "approximate merger" between the two.
【学位授予单位】：复旦大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H172.3

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