汉英被动句的比较研究

发布时间：2018-04-01 21:23

本文选题：汉语　切入点：英语　出处：《云南师范大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：被动句作为汉语和英语中的一个重要句式，一直是语法学家们研究的重点。英语属于印欧语系，是综合性语言，词与词在句中的语法关系主要靠词的形态变化和由一致关系所维持的主谓结构来表达；而汉语则不同，汉语属于汉藏语系，是分析性语言，词与词之间的语法关系不是通过形态变化和由一致关系所维持的主谓结构来表达，而是通过虚词和语序来表达，因而汉语中的被动句主要借助“被”、“由”、“让”等来表达。就汉语的语法特点来看，汉语不像英语那样具有丰富的形态变化，所以汉语中的被动句往往与语义联系的比较紧密。当代语言学派十分重视被动句的研究，并尝试用格语法、配价理论、认知理论来分析汉语中的被动句，这些理论在分析汉语被动句的特点中取得了显著的效果。本人在前人研究的基础上，主要对汉英中被动句的句法、语义、语用等方面进行比较分析，进一步研究汉英被动句的历史演变及其异同问题，借此有效地解决被动句在对外汉语教学中的疑难点。
[Abstract]:As an important sentence pattern in Chinese and English, passive sentence has always been the focus of grammatical researchers. English belongs to the Indo-European family and is a comprehensive language. The grammatical relationship between words and words in sentences is mainly expressed by the morphological changes of words and the subject-predicate structure maintained by consistent relations, while Chinese is different. Chinese belongs to the Chinese-Tibetan language family and is an analytical language. The grammatical relations between words and words are expressed not by morphological changes and subject-predicate structures maintained by consistent relations, but by function words and word order. Therefore, passive sentences in Chinese are mainly expressed by means of "be", "you", "concession" and so on. In terms of the grammatical characteristics of Chinese, Chinese does not have the rich morphological changes as English does. Therefore, passive sentences in Chinese are often closely related to semantics. Contemporary linguists attach great importance to the study of passive sentences, and try to use case grammar, valence theory and cognitive theory to analyze passive sentences in Chinese. These theories have achieved remarkable results in analyzing the characteristics of Chinese passive sentences. On the basis of previous studies, this paper makes a comparative analysis of the syntactic, semantic and pragmatic aspects of passive sentences in Chinese and English, and further studies the historical evolution and similarities and differences of passive sentences in Chinese and English. In order to effectively solve the passive sentence in the teaching of Chinese as a foreign language difficult points.
【学位授予单位】：云南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：H146;H314

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