现代汉语兼语句语篇分析

发布时间：2018-04-01 23:23

本文选题：兼语句　切入点：兼语　出处：《江西师范大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：现代汉语兼语句是兼语短语作谓语的句子和由兼语短语构成的非主谓句。它是汉语独具特色的一种句式，也是汉语里常见且重要的句式之一。因此，一直是语法学家研究的热门课题。但一直以来，人们对这种句式的研究大多停留在单句层面上，主要围绕着兼语句范围的确定，结构的分析，以及针对兼语句性质和生成问题进行讨论。而至今还没有结合语篇对兼语句进行分析的相关成果。本文在篇章的背景下，以语篇研究理论为指导，对现代汉语兼语句进行多角度的考察分析研究，以期更深刻地认识这一句式。第一章在对构成兼语句的各个成分的认知状态和语义特征进行逐一分析的基础上，再从语篇角度对各成分进行分析，进而探究各成分在语篇范畴内与句内话题的联系以及各成分与话题演进的关系。发现对各成分的深入了解是探究兼语句语篇特征与功能的基础。NP1+VP1+NP2+VP2中，NP1常是已知信息，与上下文联系紧密，常作为话题成分出现；VP1的不同类型，使得兼语句在语篇中对主谓型与非主谓型句式的选择存在差异；NP2是兼语句的枢纽成分，倾向于以有定名词来充当，它除了与上下文相关成分构成回指关系外，还可起到转换话题的功能；VP2是整个句子语意表达的焦点所在。第二章综合分析各成分构成的完整的兼语句的语篇信息。不同类型的兼语句有不同的语篇表现和不同的语篇特征。故本文从语篇结构、语体分析、特殊现象和相关句式辨析四个方面对兼语句进行语篇角度的探究。兼语句在语篇中通常以前景句的形式出现，，且在构成语篇的句段中充当展题句为主。在语体特征上，“喜怒类”兼语句倾向于在口语形式中出现，“有无类”兼语句倾向于在书面语形式中出现，其他四种类型在语体的选择上，没有明显的倾向性。现代汉语兼语句中存在着一些特殊的现象，本文共探讨了五种：VP1连用、NP2同义连用、NP1=NP2、“兼套兼式”以及“连兼融合句”。本文还对不同类别的兼语句与易混淆的相关句式进行了辨析：“使令类”、“认定类”、“有无类”兼语句可根据兼语动词的特征加以辨析；“喜怒类”兼语句的辨析要结合具体的语言环境加以分析；“携同类”兼语句与连谓句的区别主要体现在VP2的完成者上；“交接类”与双宾语的区别主要是从VP2上来辨别。第三章表达运用篇章功能语法的方法分析兼语句的语篇功能。由于兼语句本身的复杂性，种类多样，故在语篇中所表现的功能也存在着共性与个性。我们从各类兼语句中概括总结出兼语句总体的语篇功能。从整体上来看，兼语句具有语篇连贯功能；特殊表述功能；突显确指强度功能以及突显信息量的功能。在这些共性下，探求出各类兼语句所独具的特殊语篇功能。从各类型来看，“使令类”兼语句具有突显话题影响力的功能；“认定类”兼语句具有描写和总结的功能；“喜怒类”兼语句具有评价功能；“有无类”兼语句具有引出话语话题的功能；“携同类”兼语句具有突显合作行为的功能；“交接类”兼语句具有突显交接目的和结果的功能。总体语篇功能与特殊语篇功能的完美融合，使得兼语句在语篇运用中起着不可替代的作用。认识兼语句的语篇功能，重在指明句式对语篇组织所发挥的积极作用。
[Abstract]:Modern Chinese pivotal sentences is concurrent phrase as predicate sentences and phrases composed of language non subject predicate sentence. It is a sentence of Chinese characteristic, is one of the most common and important sentences in Chinese. Therefore, it is always a hot topic studied by grammarians. But for a long time, people of this sentence are stay at the sentence level, mainly determined and the scope of the statement, the analysis of the structure, as well as sentences with nature and creation are discussed. So far there is no related result combined with the text analysis of sentences. In this chapter the background, the study on discourse analysis theory multi angle of modern Chinese pivotal sentences, in order to better understand this sentence.
The first chapter based in various components of the composition and statement of the cognitive state and semantic features one by one analysis, then analyze the various components from the perspective of discourse, and then explore the components of topic and sentence in discourse in the category of relationship and the relationship between the composition and evolution of topics. Found a deep understanding of the various components the.NP1+VP1+NP2+VP2 is based on textual features and pivotal sentences inquiry function, NP1 is often known information, closely associated with the context, often appearing as topic elements; the different types of VP1, and makes the statement of the differences and non subject predicate sentence selection is the main type in the text; NP2 is the hub of composition and statement, tend to have to act as a definite noun, it in addition to contextual components of anaphora, can also play the function of shifting topics; VP2 is the focus of the whole sentence semantic expression.
The second chapter is the analysis of the integrated components complete pivotal constructions of textual information. Different types of pivotal sentences have different discourse expression and different discourse features. Therefore, this paper from the analysis of discourse structure, style, to explore four aspects of special phenomenon and sentence of the point of view of discourse and sentence. Sentences in discourse usually ofprospect sentence form, and in a text sentence as title sentences. In stylistic features, "happiness" and statements tend to appear in the oral form, "there is no" and statements tend to appear in written form. The other four types in the style, no obvious tendency. Modern Chinese pivotal sentences exist some special phenomenon, this article discusses five kinds: VP1, NP2 NP1=NP2, "a synonym, and set and type" and "fusion and even the sentence" in this paper. For different categories of pivotal sentences and sentence confusing analyses: "making", "identification", "no" and statements can be discriminated according to the characteristics of language of the verb; analysis of "anger" and the statement must be combined with the specific language environment to analyze similar articles; "" even the predicate sentence and sentence and the difference is mainly reflected in the completion of the VP2; the difference between "transition" and the double object is mainly to distinguish from VP2.
The third chapter expression of textual function by using the method of textual analysis of functional grammar and sentence. Because of the complexity, and the utterance itself varied, so the performance of functions in discourse also exist commonness and individuality. We generalize from the various statements and statements and summed up the overall discourse function on the whole., and statements with discourse coherence function; special expression function; highlight intensity function and highlight the definiteness of information quantity function. In these features, explore the special discourse function of the unique and various statements. From the point of view, "the class" and highlight the topic statement with the influence of the identification function; class description and summary and statement with the function; "feeling" jianyuju with evaluation function; "no class" and has the function of discourse topic sentence extraction; "and similar articles" has highlighted the closing statement The behavior of the function; the "handover" and highlight the statement with the purpose and results of transfer function. The perfect general discourse function and special discourse function fusion, and makes the statement plays an irreplaceable role in language use.
The textual function of cognition and sentence emphasizes the positive effect of sentence pattern on discourse organization.

【学位授予单位】：江西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H146

【参考文献】