汉语合成复合词的失语症研究

发布时间：2018-04-02 11:00

本文选题：失语症　切入点：合成复合词　出处：《江苏师范大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：在生成语法中,词和短语是在语法中两个不同的范畴下生成的,词在词法中生成,短语在句法中生成。而合成复合词由于结构的特殊性,其生成过程存在争议,主要有两种观点:一种是“词汇论”,认为合成复合词是在词法的层面上生成的,先于句法;另一种观点是“句法论”,认为合成复合词是在句法的层面上生成的。目前,学界对此仍然没有统一的解释。在文献搜集过程中尚未发现专门针对合成复合词生成的实证研究。文章选取了汉语五音节的基础复合词、合成复合词和与合成复合词语义一致的“的”字短语,对比两类失语症患者(Broca失语、Wernicke失语)和正常对照组的言语理解和言语产出情况,考察汉语合成复合词理解与产出的神经基础,进而探讨汉语合成复合词的生成机制。实验发现,在言语理解和言语产出的中,被试在合成复合词上的作业成绩差于基础复合词和短语;失语症被试的表现在三类语料上的表现均差于对照组被试。在图片命名实验中,失语症被试所犯的错误类型只有合成复合词中动词与宾语顺序颠倒(例如:*指挥交通员)。经讨论,得出如下结论:1、在本研究中,Broca失语症被试额叶以及枕叶损伤,Wernicke失语症颞叶以及顶叶受损,导致他们在合成复合词与短语上的表现差于基础复合词。尤其是在言语产出实验中,Broca失语症被试由于额叶受损,影响了他们语音编码的能力,因而表现差于Wernicke失语症被试。基于此结果和相关的基础研究,文章构建了合成复合词的加工通路:在言语理解时,听觉皮层接收到语音信息进行语音加工,然后分成两条通路,一条经过颞叶的中部和后部;另一条投射到额下回,然后再投射到前运动区,最后额叶中部和顶叶中部进行信息的整合。言语产出是在言语理解的基础上,Broca区进行语音编码,将信息传到缘上回,再传到中央前回,最终完成语音的产出。2、根据上述神经模型,我们可以看出合成复合词与短语的神经基础相似,但合成复合词的加工相比更复杂,这可能与合成复合词生成过程需要移位有关。
[Abstract]:In generative grammar, words and phrases are generated in two different categories in grammar, words are generated in lexical form and phrases are generated in syntax. There are two main points of view: one is "lexical theory", the other is "syntactic theory", which holds that synthetic compound words are generated at the lexical level before syntax. There is still no uniform explanation in academic circles. In the process of literature collection, there is no empirical research on the generation of compound words. This paper selects the basic compound words of Chinese five-syllable. The speech comprehension and speech output of the two types of aphasia patients (Broca aphasia / Wernicke aphasia) and the normal control group were compared. This paper investigates the neural basis of the comprehension and output of Chinese synthetic compound words, and then discusses the mechanism of the formation of Chinese synthetic compound words. The experiment finds that, in the process of speech comprehension and speech production, The performance of the aphasia subjects in the three kinds of corpus was worse than that in the control group. In the picture naming experiment, the students' performance on the composite compound was worse than that on the basic compound and the phrase, and the aphasia showed worse performance on the three kinds of corpus than in the control group. In aphasia subjects, only the verbs and objects were reversed in the order of the verb and object in the composite compound (e.g.: * directing the traffic officer. In this study, the frontal and occipital lobes were injured in Wernicke's aphasia, and the temporal and parietal lobes were damaged. In the speech production experiment, Broca aphasia affected their speech coding ability because of the damage to the frontal lobe. Based on this result and related basic research, this paper constructs a processing pathway of synthetic compound words: in speech comprehension, the auditory cortex receives speech information for speech processing, and then divides it into two pathways. One passes through the middle and posterior part of the temporal lobe; the other projects to the inferior frontal gyrus, then to the premotor area, and finally to the middle of the frontal lobe and the middle of the parietal lobe to integrate information. We can see that the neural basis of compound words is similar to that of phrases, but the processing of synthetic compound words is more complicated than that of synthetic compound words. This may be related to the need for shift in the formation of compound words.
【学位授予单位】：江苏师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：H146

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