量度的视点—对汉语空间维度形容词低和矮的研究

发布时间：2018-05-16 14:13

本文选题：视点理论 + 主要视点与逆行视点共同延展模式　；参考：《重庆大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：同义词是一种最不易理解的语义关系，人们分别从语言结构，语义成分以及认知等多个角度对它们进行了大量的研究，这些方法各有优点，但是它们都不能真正完整描述同义词间的细微差别。本文是继Tribushinina和Taylor分别对俄语和英语空间维度形容词的研究之后，以视点理论及其扩展理论为框架对汉语空间维度形容词低和矮的区分性研究。本文中心观点是视点理论及其扩展理论能够为汉语空间维度形容词低和矮的区分提供合理的理论依据。基于MacLaury在颜色词领域的研究发现，本文认为低和矮共同存在是因为它们体现了概念者对垂直维度小量度的两种观察方式，即视点理论所谓的两个视点。本文首先着重分析了低和矮在语料库中所修饰空间实体的种类及频率分布，并归纳总结出它们在语料库中的分布特点。通过语料分析，本文发现低和矮所修饰实体种类的分布特点与MacLaury在颜色词领域所发现的主要视点与逆行视点共同延展模式相一致：二者所修饰的实体种类有大量的重叠，其中低所修饰的实体种类较多，且各种类间分布较为均匀；而矮修饰的名词种类较少，且修饰的种类偏向于人。由此，本文得出低和矮是垂直维度小量度范畴的两个视点，其中低是主要视点，强调修饰对象的相似性，描述的是普遍意义上的垂直高度，而矮是逆行视点，强调修饰对象的独特性，描述的是人的身高以及与人相关的实体。接着本文运用视点理论的扩展理论（Extended Vantage Theory）的三个主要参数对低和矮的视点结构进行了定性分析。研究发现，人们用低描述的是一种客观量度，概念者主观参与较少，距离较远，视野广阔，概念模式由非区分型转向分析型，眼界逐渐缩小。而矮的视点结构正好相反，概念者立场主观，距离较近，视野狭小，，概念模式由分析转向整合，眼界逐渐放大。低和矮不同的视点结构导致二者在隐喻性扩展应用方面具有不同的表现。强调相似性，使得低不仅可以描述空间域的垂直延伸，还可以描述非空间域的隐喻扩展。而矮以人体高度为主要参照，只能形成一种与人相关的主观量度，隐喻性扩展则很少且都与人相关。本文通过对二者隐喻性扩展进行对比，进一步确定了语言系统的经验基础，为认知语言学的理论提供了又一佐证。
[Abstract]:Synonyms are the most incomprehensible semantic relationships, which have been studied from the perspectives of language structure, semantic components and cognition. But none of them really fully describe the nuances between synonyms. Following the research on the spatial dimension adjectives in Russian and English by Tribushinina and Taylor respectively, this paper makes a distinction between low and low spatial dimension adjectives in Chinese under the framework of viewpoint theory and its extension theory. The central point of this paper is that the viewpoint theory and its extension theory can provide a reasonable theoretical basis for the distinction between low and short adjectives in Chinese spatial dimension. Based on the research of MacLaury in the field of color words, we think that low and low co-exist because they embody two kinds of observation methods of the concept of vertical dimension small measurement, that is, the so-called two viewpoints of viewpoint theory. In this paper, the species and frequency distribution of the space entities modified in the low and low corpuscles are analyzed, and their distribution characteristics in the corpus are summarized. Through corpus analysis, it is found that the distribution characteristics of the low and low modified entities are consistent with the common extension pattern of the main viewpoints and retrograde views found by MacLaury in the field of color words: there is a great deal of overlap between the two modified entity types. Among them, there are many kinds of entities with low modification, and the distribution of each class is more uniform, while the category of noun with low modification is less, and the kind of modification is inclined to people. Therefore, this paper concludes that low and short are two viewpoints of the category of small measure of vertical dimension, in which low is the main viewpoint, emphasizing the similarity of modified objects, describing the vertical height in general sense, and short as retrograde view. Emphasis is placed on the uniqueness of the modified object, describing the height of the person and the entity associated with it. Then, three main parameters of extended Vantage theory are used to qualitatively analyze the structure of low and low view points. It is found that what people describe with low level is an objective measure, with less subjective participation, far distance and broad vision, and the conceptual model changes from non-differentiated to analytical, and the horizon gradually shrinks. On the other hand, the short viewpoint structure is just the opposite, the conceptualist's position is subjective, the distance is close, the field of vision is narrow, the conceptual model is changed from analysis to integration, and the vision is enlarged gradually. The low and short view structure leads to their different performance in metaphorical extension. The emphasis on similarity makes it possible to describe not only the vertical extension of the spatial domain but also the metaphorical extension of the non-spatial domain. While the height of human body is the main reference, it can only form a subjective measure related to human beings, while metaphorical expansion is rarely and closely related to human beings. By comparing the two metaphorical extensions, this paper further confirms the empirical basis of the language system, which provides another evidence for the theory of cognitive linguistics.
【学位授予单位】：重庆大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H146

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