英汉儿童空间方位词习得对比研究

发布时间：2018-05-16 20:47

本文选题：英汉儿童 + 方位词习得　；参考：《长沙理工大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：世界上任何事物都处于一定的时空之中,认识事物间的空间关系是认识客观世界一个极为重要的方面。空间认知能力的发展是儿童适应环境的前提,日常生活中几乎一切活动都和空间位置有关,从小培养这种能力可以帮助儿童很好地适应周围环境,提高综合素质。儿童语言习得,长期以来一直为学者们所关注,而儿童对表示空间关系词语的习得,作为儿童语言习得研究的一个分支,近年来,也越来越受国内外学界的关注。本课题以两名说汉语儿童和两名说英语儿童为研究对象,参照朱德熙(2004方位词分类标准,将方位词分为上、下、里、外、前、后、中、旁、左、右,并运用调查研究法、个案纵向观察法以及数理统计法对四名儿童ZHZ、MHR(01；08-04；11)、ADA、SAR(02；03-02；10)方位词习得及使用情况进行研究分析,通过对比研究,揭示英汉儿童方位词习得的异同,并对其原因进行分析阐释。对说汉语儿童ZHZ和MHR早期方位词的习得情况做长期跟踪调查研究,得出其各类方位词的始现时间及使用频率,研究发现两名儿童的方位词习得遵循一定的顺序,即：上类及里类方位词最先被习得,且使用频率最高；左、右类方位词到四岁时仍未习得。对来自Brown语料库的两名说英语儿童ADA和SAR的语料进行分析,研究显示：两名说英语儿童较早习得on/up/over,in/inside,under,down/andout/outside, on和in的使用频率最高,两名儿童均未习得left和right。用意象图式对儿童早期方位词的习得过程做分析,发现意象图式与空间关系存在密切的关联,并可以用来解释儿童方位词发展的顺序。对两名说汉语儿童和两名英语儿童早期方位词习得的对比研究分析表明：(1)儿童对各类方位词的认知经历了一个较长的过程,3岁儿童习得上、下、里、外,四岁儿童已基本掌握前、后方位词。直到四岁零十个月,儿童还没有完全习得左、右。(2)儿童方位词的习得存在关键期。3到4岁是儿童习得上、下、里、外、前、后的飞跃期。(3)就习得顺序和频率而言,说汉语儿童最早习得上类和里类,且出现频率最高；说英语儿童也较早习得on/up/over, in/inside,且on和in的使用频率最高,左、右类方位词的习得最晚。到四岁零十个月,说汉语儿童能分清自己的左右手,但是不能完全理解左、右的空间意义；而说英语儿童完全没有习得left和right。儿童方位词的习得顺序以及使用频率与儿童认知水平发展、语言输入、语言的复杂程度等因素密切相关。
[Abstract]:Everything in the world is in a certain time and space, understanding the spatial relationship between things is an extremely important aspect of understanding the objective world. The development of spatial cognitive ability is the premise for children to adapt to the environment. Almost all activities in daily life are related to spatial position. Cultivating this ability from childhood can help children adapt to the surrounding environment and improve their comprehensive quality. Children's language acquisition has been concerned by scholars for a long time. As a branch of children's language acquisition, children's acquisition of expressions of spatial relations has been paid more and more attention by scholars at home and abroad in recent years. This subject takes two Chinese speaking children and two English speaking children as the research objects, referring to the classification standard of Zhu Dexi / 2004, classifying the location words into upper, lower, inner, outer, front, back, middle, side, left, right, and using the method of investigation and research. Case longitudinal observation and mathematical statistics were used to analyze the acquisition and use of azimuth words in four children (ZHZX MHR01-08-0411 / ADA-SAR02-03-0210). Through the comparative study, the similarities and differences of Chinese and English children's azimuth word acquisition were revealed, and the reasons were analyzed and explained. The acquisition of ZHZ and MHR early azimuth words in Chinese speaking children was investigated for a long time, and the beginning time and frequency of their azimuth words were obtained. It was found that the acquisition of locative words of the two children followed a certain order. That is, the upper class and the middle type are first acquired and used most frequently, while the left and right ones are not learned by the age of four. Two English-speaking children from the Brown corpus, ADA and SAR, were analyzed. The results showed that the two English-speaking children acquired onupoverover / out side, on and in the most frequently, and neither of them acquired left or right. By analyzing the acquisition process of children's early locative words with image schema, it is found that there is a close relationship between image schema and spatial relationship, and it can be used to explain the order of the development of children's locative words. The contrastive study on the acquisition of early locative words by two Chinese speaking children and two English children shows that the cognition of all kinds of azimuth words has experienced a long process in the acquisition of three year old children, namely, upper, lower, middle, and outer. Four-year-old children have basically mastered the word before and after the position. Up to the age of four and ten months, the children have not fully acquired the left, right and right words.) the critical period for the acquisition of the child's azimuth words is the period of children's acquisition of upper, lower, outer, front and rear leaps. 3) in terms of the order and frequency of acquisition, The children who speak Chinese are the first to acquire the upper class and the inner class, and the English speaking children also acquire onupr / over, inr / insideearlier, and use on and in are the highest, and the locative words of left and right are acquired the last time. At the age of four and ten months, Chinese speaking children can distinguish between their left and right hands, but they can not fully understand the spatial meaning of left and right, while English-speaking children have not acquired left and right at all. The acquisition order and frequency of children's locative words are closely related to the development of children's cognitive level, language input, language complexity and so on.
【学位授予单位】：长沙理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H193.1

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