现代汉语中的异形字母词语研究

发布时间：2018-05-17 04:15

本文选题：字母词语 + 使用现状　；参考：《辽宁师范大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：现代汉语中关于字母词语和传统汉字异形词语的研究较广泛深入，取得了许多开创性的研究成果，但是异形字母词语的研究尚显不足。异形字母词语是伴随着字母词语在现代汉语中大量使用而产生的一种新型异形词语，给当今的汉语生活带来了许多问题。本文以现代汉语中的异形字母词语为研究对象，主要借鉴语言的社会性理论、语言的动态性理论、语言文字规范理论，在综述前人关于字母词语、异形词语和异形字母词语研究成果的基础上，提出我们对异形字母词语的界定。收集报刊、工具书、2006年中国语言生活状况报告和学者论文中的语料，运用计量法、比较法、描写和解释相结合的方法、理论和实际相结合的方法，对异形字母词语的词形变体类型、异形字母词语的成因、异形字母词语的规范等问题进行了分析、归纳和总结，并提出了相应的规范原则和具体建议。除引言和结语外，论文由五部分组成：第一部分——异形字母词语的使用现状。我们对收集的语料进行了翔实的计量统计，共收集398组（不计重复出现的词条）异形字母词语。语料来自四个方面：一是2010年报刊，以《半岛晨报》为调查对象，收集了65组异形字母词语；二是汉语工具书，以《汉语字母词词典》、《实用字母词词典》等十部工具书为调查对象，收集了275组异形字母词语；三是以中国语言生活状况报告（下编2006）为调查对象，，收集了74组异形字母词语；四是以郑泽芝博士论文《基于动态流通语料库DCC的汉语字母词语识别及考察研究》的附录为调查对象，收集了45组异形字母词语。该部分对这些异形字母词语的使用现状进行细致的描写和解释。第二部分——异形字母词语的词形变体类型及特点分析。对语料进行全方位的分析，归纳出五种词形变体类型，以图表的方式呈现，分别是：字母型变体63组，占全部语料的15.83%；汉字型变体237组，占59.55%；数字型变体29组，占7.29%；符号型变体47组，占11.81%；综合型变体25组，占6.28%。我们对每一种变体进行了详细的说明并分析总体特点。数量最多的是汉字型变体，形成这种情况的原因，一是和我们调查的范围有关，二是在实际生活应用中纯字母词语相对而言不如汉字字母词语更易被人们接受。第三部分——异形字母词语的成因。我们从八个方面对异形字母词语的成因进行分析，其中主要因素有五个方面：汉语语素不同、语言经济性规律造成的、翻译方式不同、构成成分复杂、造词法不同，而汉语语素不同引起的差异和语言经济性规律引起的差异是最主要的原因；次要因素有三个方面：时代、地域、输入过程引起的差异。第四部分——异形字母词语与传统汉字异形词语的对比。相同之处体现在：它们都属于语言应用中出现的一词多形现象，是词位的无值变体，对信息交流、词典编纂、媒体和日常生活的应用等都有影响，需要我们进行规范。不同之处体现在四个方面：产生时间不同、内涵定义不同、划分类型不同、形成原因不同，我们采用比较的方法，对不同之处进行了阐释。第五部分——异形字母词语的规范。指出异形字母词语的存在带来的影响：给信息检索、机器翻译等应用软件的开发和利用带来了困难，不利于交际的进行和语言的发展。我们对异形字母词语进行规范，提出四条规范原则：从俗性、理据性、简明性、动态性，并且针对不同的变体类型提出一些具体的规范建议。当前的时代是快节奏发展的时代，信息交流高速频繁，各种新词语不断涌现，用语不规范现象非常严重，极需加强语言规范化的工作力度，构建一个和谐的语言生活环境。通过对异形字母词语的研究，分析其类型、成因，并提出规范的原则和建议，可以为媒体应用、辞书编纂、日常生活使用和语言规范工作提供一些参考。通过与传统汉字异形词语的对比研究，找出二者的共同之处和不同之处，可以进一步加深对异形字母词语的认识，并且丰富传统异形词语的研究，扩大异形词语研究的范围，为异形字母词语后续的研究提供借鉴。
[Abstract]:The study of alphabetical and traditional Chinese characters in modern Chinese has been widely studied, and many pioneering research results have been obtained. However, the study of heteromorphic words is still inadequate. Life has brought a lot of problems.
Based on the sociality theory of the language, the dynamic theory of language and the theory of language and character, this paper, based on the summary of the achievements of the previous studies on the alphabetic words, the heteromorphic words and the heteromorphic letters, puts forward the definition of the special letter words, and the collection of newspapers and periodicals. The book, the Chinese language life report and the corpus of the scholar's papers in 2006, use the method of measurement, comparison, description and interpretation, and the method of combining theory with practice, and analyses the types of Morpheus of the Morpheus of irregular alphabet words, the causes of heteromorphic words and the standardization of special letter words and so on. Summarized, and put forward the corresponding normative principles and specific suggestions.
In addition to the introduction and conclusion, the thesis consists of five parts:
The first part is the present situation of the use of the special alphabet words. We have carried out a detailed measurement and statistics on the collected corpus, collects 398 groups of words and phrases (without repeated entries). The corpus comes from four aspects: first, the 2010 newspapers and periodicals, with the peninsular morning newspaper for the investigation, collected 65 sets of alien alphabet words; two is the Chinese language. The tool book, with "Chinese alphabetical dictionary >", "practical alphabet dictionary >" and other ten instruments, collected 275 sets of alien alphabet words; three, with Chinese language living condition report (2006) as the investigation object, collected 74 sets of heteromorphic letters and words, and the four was based on Zheng Zezhi's thesis < the Dynamic Circulation Corpus DCC. The appendix of the recognition and investigation of the words and letters of the alphabet is the object of investigation, and 45 groups of heteromorphic words are collected. This part gives a detailed description and explanation of the present situation of the use of these heteromorphic words.
The second part - Analysis of the type and characteristics of the morpheform of the abnormal alphabet words. A comprehensive analysis of the corpus is made and five types of Morpheus are summed up in the form of charts, which are 63 groups of alphabetic variants, 15.83% of the whole corpus, 237 groups of Chinese character variants, 59.55%, 29 groups of digital variants, 7.29%; symbols. 47 groups, accounting for 11.81%, and 25 groups of synthetic variants, accounting for 6.28%. in detail and analysis of the overall characteristics. The largest number is the Chinese character variant, which is the reason for this situation, one is related to the scope of our investigation, and the two is that the pure alphabet words are not as good as Chinese characters in actual living applications. The mother words are more acceptable to people.
The third part is the cause of the abnormal letter words. We analyze the causes of the heteromorphic words in eight aspects. The main factors are five aspects: different Chinese morphemes, the laws of language economy, the different ways of translation, the complex composition of the components, the different word making methods, the differences caused by different Chinese morphemes and the language classics The difference between the economic laws is the main reason; the secondary factors have three aspects: the time, the region, the difference caused by the input process.
The fourth part is the contrast between the heteromorphic words and the traditional Chinese characters. The similarities are reflected in the following: they all belong to the polymorphism of the words in the language application, and are the non value variants of the words. It has an influence on the information exchange, dictionary compilation, the media and the application of daily life. It needs us to be standardized. In four aspects, the generation time is different, the definition of connotation is different, the types of division are different, and the reasons are different. We use the comparison method to explain the difference.
The fifth part, the standard of the special letter words, points out the influence of the existence of the special alphabet words: it brings difficulties to the information retrieval, the development and utilization of the application software such as Machine Translation, which is not conducive to the development of communication and the development of language. According to sex, simplicity, dynamism, and put forward some specific suggestions for different types of variation.
The current era is an era of rapid pace of development, information exchange is high and frequent, various new words and expressions are constantly emerging, and the non standard language is very serious. It is very necessary to strengthen the work of language standardization and build a harmonious language environment. Through the study of the special letter words, the types, causes, and the principles of standard are put forward. And suggestions can provide some reference for the media application, lexicography, daily life use and language standard work. Through the contrast study with the traditional Chinese characters, find out the similarities and differences between the two, we can further deepen the recognition of the heteromorphic words and enrich the study of the traditional heteromorphic words and expand the heteromorphism. The scope of the study of words provides a reference for the follow-up study of abnormity lettered words.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H136

【参考文献】