疑问代词“怎么”与“为什么”对比研究

发布时间：2018-05-25 19:50

本文选题：怎么 + 为什么　；参考：《西南大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：现代汉语疑问代词“怎么”与“为什么”在意义和用法上的交叉为对外汉语教师对两者的课堂教学增添了一定难度。要做好“怎么”和“为什么”的对外汉语语法教学工作,首先应该做好两个词的本体研究和对比分析。目前,语法学界对“为什么”的研究尚不深入,对“为什么”与“怎么”的系统性对比分析也很不完善。本文从句法、语义、语用角度对“怎么”与“为什么”进行分析描写,尽量系统全面地堆两者进行对比研究。在句法功能方面,本文将“怎么”和“为什么”分别划为加词性疑问代词和谓词性疑问代词,并探讨了两者所充当句法成分的异同,以及与不同词类的搭配情况,与语义相结合分析了两者作同一句法成分时的异同以及能够互相替换的条件。在语义方面,本文分为疑问语义和非疑问语义两部分对“怎么”、“为什么”展开分析。表疑问时,与“为什么”相比,“怎么”除可表原因和目的外,还可表情状和方式。表非疑问语义时,本文分为任指和虚指两类进行分析并总结了两词表非疑问时常见句法形式。语用方面本文探讨了出现在疑问句和非疑问句中两种情况。“怎么”和“为什么”可表示好奇、关心、诧异、不满等情绪。表达不满、诧异时,“怎么”的感情色彩比“为什么”更强烈。此外,两者还有帮助委婉语气,使话语简洁明了的作用。
[Abstract]:The intersection of the meaning and usage of the interrogative pronouns "how" and "why" in modern Chinese has made it difficult for teachers of Chinese as a foreign language to teach them in class. In order to do well the grammar teaching of "how" and "why", we should do the ontology research and contrastive analysis of the two words. At present, the study of why in grammar circles is not deep, and the systematic comparative analysis of why and how is not perfect. This paper analyzes and describes "how" and "why" from syntactic, semantic and pragmatic perspectives, and makes a comparative study of them as systematically and comprehensively as possible. In terms of syntactic function, this paper classifies "how" and "why" as additive interrogative pronouns and predicate interrogative pronouns, and discusses the similarities and differences between them as syntactic elements and their collocation with different parts of speech. In combination with semantics, the similarities and differences of the two syntactic components and the conditions for their substitution are analyzed. In terms of semantics, this article is divided into two parts: interrogative semantics and non-interrogative semantics to analyze "how" and "why". "how", as opposed to "why", can indicate the cause and purpose, as well as the expression and manner. In the case of non-interrogative semantics, this paper analyzes and summarizes the common syntactic forms of the two categories of non-interrogative semantics. Pragmatically, this paper explores the two situations in interrogative and non-interrogative sentences. "how" and "why" can express curiosity, concern, surprise, discontent, etc. When expressing dissatisfaction and surprise, the emotional color of "how" is stronger than "why". In addition, the two also help euphemism, to make the words concise and clear.
【学位授予单位】：西南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H146

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