中英致使移动构式对比研究

发布时间：2018-05-31 15:24

本文选题：英语致使移动构式 + 中文致使移动构式　；参考：《江西师范大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：致使移动构式在许多语言中是一种普遍的现象。世界范围内已经有许多语言学家从不同的角度对致使移动构式进行了深入的探讨和研究。本文基于Goldberg所提出的构式语法框架,尝试采用“自上而下”和“自下而上”的研究方法,分别对英文致使移动构式和中文致使移动构式进行了分析并进行了对比性的研究。英语致使移动构式的结构形式可以表示为“[SUBJ [V OBJ OBL]]”（V是一个非静态动词，OBL是一个方向性短语），它的基本语义是“X致使Y移向Z”。其句式表达为“NP1+V+NP2+PP”。在英文中，致使移动构式的意义不能从词项以及其他的构式中推断出来，因而表现为独立于动词而存在的形式和意义的对应。在本文中，英语致使移动构式中的动词和构式的融合得倒了系统地分析。此外，对于英语致使移动构式的四个延伸意义也做了一一介绍，同时，英语致使移动构式中存在的语义限制在本文中得到了概括性的介绍。中文致使移动构式是一个非常复杂的系统，因为中文中存在着多种表达方式可以用来表述致使移动的概念，比如：“把字句”，“使字句”，“得字句”，“使成句”，“使令句”，“动结式”等等，这些句式都具有“X致使Y移向Z”的语义特征。句式上中文致使移动构式表示为“NP1+VP1+NP2+VP2”，其中VP1由特殊动词“把、使、让、令、叫等”来担任，它们对名词NP2进行控制，使其在NP1所发出的致使力的作用下沿着指定方向进行位移，并且路径通常由VP2“动词+出、进、上、来”来表达。在中文致使移动构式中，动词和论元的参与者相互作用，其实质表示为动词与构式的融合，从而表达出致使移动的意义。根据对中英致使移动构式的分别讨论，文章最后通过对两者的致使概念，语义表达，构式形式进行分析，比较得出了一些两者异同点。作为一种特殊的构式，致使移动构式是独立于动词的形式与意义的匹配，确实存在于英语和汉语中，并且在两种语言中都有其存在的意义和必要性。英语致使移动构式和中文致使移动构式在语义上大致是相同的，都表示施事论元发出某种致使力，使其作用于受事物体，，并且致使其沿着指定的方向发生位移。在概念结构上两者都包括“致使者”，“受事者”，“致使力”以及“位移”路径。所不同的是，由于汉语的复杂性，中文致使移动构式中通常会含有特定的标志词，及所提及的VP1“把、让、使、叫、令”等。这使得中文致使移动构式中必须存在一个“动-介式结构”或者是“动趋式结构”跟在后面来表示受事的位移路径。而英语致使移动构式中结构则比较单一，一般都是通过PP介词短语来表达受事的位移路径的。
[Abstract]:Causative construction is a common phenomenon in many languages. Many linguists all over the world have studied the causative movement construction from different angles. Based on the framework of construction grammar proposed by Goldberg, this paper attempts to use the methods of "top-down" and "bottom-up" to analyze and compare the English and Chinese causative mobile constructions, respectively. The structural form of the English causative mobile construction can be expressed as "[SUBJ [V OBJ OBL]" V is a non-static verb and OBL is a directional phrase, its basic meaning is "X causes Y to move to Z". Its sentence expression is "NP1 V NP2 PP". In English, the meaning of the moving construction can not be inferred from the word items and other constructions, so it is shown as the correspondence between the form and the meaning which exist independently of the verb. In this paper, the fusion of verbs and constructions in English mobile constructions is systematically analyzed. In addition, the four extended meanings of English causative mobile construction are introduced one by one. At the same time, the semantic limitation in English causative mobile construction is introduced in this paper. The Chinese causative movement construction is a very complex system, because there are many expressions in Chinese that can be used to express the concept of causing movement, such as: "make words", "get words", "make sentences", "make sentences". All of them have the semantic characteristics of "X causes Y to move to Z". "NP1 VP1 NP2 VP2" is the word "NP1 VP1 NP2 VP2," in which the VP1 is controlled by the special verb "," make, order, call, etc. "and they control the noun NP2. Cause it to move in the specified direction under the action of the causative force issued by NP1, and the path is usually expressed by VP2 "the verb out, in, up, come". In Chinese causative movement construction, the participants of verb and argument interact with each other, the essence of which is the fusion of verb and construction, thus expressing the meaning of causative movement. According to the discussion of Chinese and English causative mobile constructions, this paper analyzes the concept of causation, semantic expression and construction form, and draws some similarities and differences between them. As a special construction, it is independent of the matching of verb form and meaning. It does exist in English and Chinese, and has its meaning and necessity in both languages. The English and Chinese causative constructions are almost the same in semantics, which means that the agent argument emits some causative force that acts on the subject and causes it to shift along the specified direction. In conceptual structure, both include causator, acceptor, causative force and displacement path. The difference is that due to the complexity of the Chinese language, the Chinese causative mobile constructions usually contain specific markers, and the VP1 "pass, make, call, order" and so on. This makes it necessary to have a "moving-intermediate structure" or "moving-trend structure" followed by the moving construction to indicate the displacement path of the patient. In English, the structure of the moving construction is relatively simple, and the displacement path of the patient is expressed by the PP prepositional phrase.
【学位授予单位】：江西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H314;H146

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