长阳方言语法研究

发布时间：2018-06-22 23:36

本文选题：长阳 + 方言　；参考：《华中科技大学》2012年博士论文

【摘要】：本文比较全面地描写了长阳方言语法。长阳方言属于西南官话,与普通话较为接近,可是在语法方面还是有许多不同于普通话的地方。长阳方言的“子”尾词比普通话多,普通话好些词不带“子”尾,长阳话带“子”尾,而且“子”尾不限于构造名词。长阳方言有两个状态形容词后缀“哒”和“生”,为普通话所无。长阳方言的方位词“里”的主要作用是后附于名词构成处所词,同于普通话。但从所附的成分看跟普通话有差异：可以附于表人名词和代词之后,表示“X家里”的意思,普通话的“里”没有这种用法。长阳方言可用“搭”联系整数和零数。量词“个”、“些”可以不加数词直接放在名词之前。长阳方言的第二人称尊称单数为“你尔”,复数必须带“们”。“你尔”当来自“你老”。长阳方言的“这”“那”不能直接做定语,作定语要带“个”。长阳方言的介词“在”“到”“跟”只能前置,“给”只能后置。介词“在”除介入动作行为发生处所外,还可以引进目的地。长阳方言中比较有地方特色的介词有“尽”“过”“请”等。“尽”在被动句种用以引进动作施事,施事必须出现,不能直接出现在动词前头；“过”用以引进工具语；“请”用以引进对象。长阳方言的“哒”同时用为动态助词和事态助词,动态助词“哒”表示动作完结,相当于普通话的“了1”；事态助词“哒”表示事态出现变化或将要出现变化,相当于普通话的“了2”；表示状态持续的助词用“倒”和“起”,但“倒”和“起”不能用于存现句。长阳话的“在”用为事态助词,位于句尾,表示静态持续。“着”用为先时助词。长阳方言中用于表示小称的方式有：直接加“伢儿”后缀、重叠并加儿化和重叠加“子”后缀。长阳方言的表示给予的双宾语,有“V+0人+0物”和“V+0物+0人”两种语序。长阳方言方言的否定词“没有”和“没”是对已然事实的否定；“没得”是对“有”的否定；“不得”是对可能性的否定；表禁令除了用“莫”以外,还可以用“不”。长阳方言中趋向补语常常用“哒”和“得”联系于述语；长阳方言的可能补语有“V得”和“V得V/A”,“V得”的否定形式是“V不得”。“V得V/A”的否定形式是“V不A”。
[Abstract]:This paper comprehensively describes the grammar of Changyang dialect. Changyang dialect belongs to Southwest Mandarin and is close to Putonghua, but there are still many differences in grammar. There are more "Zi" end words in Changyang dialect than in Putonghua, many words in Mandarin don't have "Zi" tail, Changyang dialect has "Zi" tail, and "Zi" tail is not limited to construction noun. Changyang dialect has two state adjectives suffix "da" and "Sheng", which is absent from Putonghua. The main function of the location word "Li" in Changyang dialect is to attach the noun to the local word, which is the same as Putonghua. However, the attached elements are different from Putonghua: they can be appended to personal nouns and pronouns to express the meaning of "X family", which is not used in Putonghua. Changyang dialect can be used to connect integers and zeros. The quantifiers "three" and "some" can be placed directly before nouns without numerals. The second person in Changyang dialect calls the singular "you", and the plural must take "people". "you" comes from "you're old". In Changyang dialect, "this" and "that" can not be directly attributive. The prepositions in Changyang dialect can only be put before and given only after. In addition to the place where the action occurs, the preposition "in" can also be introduced to the destination. The prepositions with local characteristics in Changyang dialect include "do", "please" and so on. "do" is used in passive sentences to introduce action agents, who must appear, not directly before verbs; "too" is used to introduce instrumental language; "please" is used to introduce objects. The word "da" in Changyang dialect is used as both a dynamic auxiliary word and a state of affairs auxiliary word. The dynamic auxiliary word "da" indicates the end of the action, which is equivalent to "1" in Mandarin; the state of affairs "da" indicates that the state of affairs has changed or is about to change. It is equivalent to "2" in Putonghua; "inverted" and "beginning" are used as auxiliary words for state persistence, but "inverted" and "beginning" cannot be used in existential sentences. Changyang dialect is used as a state of affairs auxiliary, located at the end of the sentence, indicating static persistence. "Ze" is used as a preemptive auxiliary. In Changyang dialect, the ways to express small names are as follows: directly adding the suffixes of "children's children", overlapping and adding the suffixes of "children" and "children". The expression of Changyang dialect has two kinds of word order: "V 0 person 0 thing" and "V 0 thing 0 person". The negative words "no" and "no" in Changyang dialect are the negation of the existing facts; "not getting" is the negation of "there is"; "not" is the negation of possibility; besides "Mo", it can also be used as "no". In Changyang dialect, the tendency complement is often connected with "Da" and "de", and the possible complements of Changyang dialect are "V de" and "V de V / A". The form of negation of "V de" is "V not allowed". The form of negation of "V de V / A" is "V bu A".
【学位授予单位】：华中科技大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H17

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