当代汉语词汇新增义位研究

发布时间：2018-06-29 12:07

本文选题：当代汉语 + 词义　；参考：《河北大学》2012年博士论文

【摘要】：“新增义位”，简称“新义位”或“新义”，指的是改革开放以来，汉语普通话固有词在固有词义基础之上新增加的相对稳定的义位，它们与固有词义是多义关系。“新增义位词”，指的是改革开放以来增加新义位的汉语普通话固有词。通过《现代汉语词典》1983年版、1996年版和第5版的对比，并辅以几部新词语词典和有关专业期刊，共搜集到新增义位762条，新增义位词724个，分三个阶段建立数据库。全文共六章。第一章，简要介绍本课题研究现状，界定相关术语，说明指导理论与研究方法。第二章，对新增义位词进行统计分析。当代汉语新增义位词在音节分布、结构类型、词汇类别等方面具有一定的规律性。音节以双音节为主，单音节和三音节所占比重较小。结构类型以合成词为主，单纯词很少，合成词中以复合式为主，复合式中偏正型最多，其中定中多于状中。根据词汇来源将当代新增义位词分为普通词语和特殊词语两类，特殊词语包括行业语、外来词和方言词，普通词语多于特殊词语。第三章，对新增义位进行统计分析。新增义位由词汇意义、色彩意义、语法意义三部分构成，对三个部分的计量研究，显示出当代新义位的一些量的特征。词汇意义方面，按照一定的关联将其分成不同的类别:指新新义和指旧新义、行业新义和普通新义、方言新义和外来新义。当代新增义位主要为指旧新义，大多数都是普通新义，方言新义和外来新义中有一部分借自地区方言词和外语词。色彩意义方面，借鉴前人研究成果，结合当代新义位的实际，补充提出行业色彩和风格色彩，并对各种色彩类型与词汇意义的关系加以分析，总结归纳出当代新义位在色彩意义方面的特点。新义位的色彩意义丰富多样，感情、语体、形象、行业、外来、地方、时代、风格“八色俱全”；除了地方色彩、行业色彩、风格色彩以外，其他五种之间经常叠加。形象色彩数量惊人，行业色彩、语体色彩、时代色彩较多，感情色彩较少，外来、地方、风格三种色彩所占比重不高，但都值得关注。语法意义方面，实词义占绝大多数，，名词义和动词义基本持平，二者的数量明显高于形容词义，虚词义只有介词和语气词两类。第四章，从词汇意义方面研究新旧义位关系。借鉴现有研究成果，总结出已为人类认知的事物关系模式，在此基础上，提出“义位关系模式”构想：义位之间的关系可以概括为五种，即相含、相关、相合、相似、辗转。对当代汉语新旧义位关系进行全面考察，统计结果显示：辗转为数不多，相合与相似的数量多于相含与相关的数量。从古代汉语、近代汉语和现代汉语中选取部分词例，验证义位关系模式对汉语的解释力。第五章，从色彩意义和语法意义方面研究新旧义位关系。新旧义位的色彩或一致，或不一致，不一致的情况主要分为：变彩、加彩、减彩及综合转换。从色彩类聚的视角出发，归纳出各类色彩意义的变化规律，深入分析色彩意义关系与词汇意义关系之联系。语法意义方面，新旧义位词性一致的是主流，词性不一致即兼类的情形所占比例并不高，但却集中反映了语法意义的变化规律。借鉴他人研究成果，探究词性兼类背后的认知原因、结构原因。联系义位关系模式，分析词汇意义关系与语法意义关系之联系。第六章，从语用角度出发，由搭配入手，考察新义位产生、识解、传播、定型的全过程，借鉴语义学和认知语言学的相关理论，提出混搭引申、同素替换、语境干预、语义重组等概念，探析新义位形成背后的语言原因、现实原因及认知原因。本文创新点：一，从词义构成的三个方面（词汇意义、色彩意义、语法意义）考察当代汉语新增义位，分析新旧义位关系，总结三个方面义位关系之联系，对新义位的全貌和变化情况进行整体把握；二，总结已为人类认知的事物关系，提出义位关系模式构想；三，运用语用学、语义学和认知语言学的相关理论，由搭配入手，考察新义位产生、识解、定型的全过程。
[Abstract]:"New sense position", referred to as "new meaning" or "new meaning", refers to a relatively stable and relatively stable sense of Chinese Putonghua innate words which have been added to the inherent meaning of the word since the reform and opening up, and they are polysemous with the inherent meaning of speech. "New meaning words" refer to the Chinese Putonghua intrinsic words which have been added to the new sense since the reform and opening up. Through the comparison of the >1983 edition of modern Chinese dictionary, the 1996 edition and the fifth edition, and with several new words dictionaries and related professional periodicals, 762 newly added sense bits, 724 newly added sense words and three stages are collected. The full text is six chapters.
In the first chapter, we briefly introduce the current situation of the research, define the relevant terminology, and explain the guiding theory and research methods.
The second chapter makes a statistical analysis of the newly added sense words. The new words in Contemporary Chinese have some regularity in syllabic distribution, structure type and vocabulary category. The syllables are mainly composed of double syllables, monosyllabic and three syllables are smaller. The structure type is mainly composed of synthetic words, the simplex words are few, the compound words are compound and compound. According to the source of vocabulary, the new words are divided into two categories: common words and special words. Special words include trade language, loanword and dialect words, and ordinary words are more than special words.
The third chapter makes a statistical analysis of the newly added sense bits. The new meaning is composed of three parts: lexical meaning, color meaning and grammatical meaning. The quantitative study of the three parts shows some characteristics of the contemporary new meaning. In terms of lexical meaning, the new meaning is divided into different categories according to a certain correlation: the new meaning and the old new meaning, the new meaning of the industry. The new meaning, the new meaning of dialects and the new meaning of foreign languages. The new meaning of contemporary new meaning is mainly the old new meaning, most of which are common new meanings. Some of the new meaning of dialects and foreign new meanings are borrowed from the dialect words and foreign words of the local dialects. In the color meaning, we draw on the achievements of the predecessors and combine the reality of the new meaning of the contemporary era to supplement the color and style of the industry. The color, and the relationship between the various color types and the meaning of the vocabulary, summed up the characteristics of the contemporary new meaning of the meaning of the color. The color meaning of the new meaning is rich and diverse, emotion, style, image, industry, foreign, local, time, style "eight colors"; in addition to local color, industry color, style, other five other than the other. There are often superposition between the species. The number of images is astonishing, the color of the industry, the style of the language, the color of the times, the less emotional color, the three colors of the foreign, the local and the style are not high, but they are all worth paying attention to. In grammatical meaning, the meaning of the word is the majority, the meaning of the name and the meaning of the verb are basically flat, and the number of the two is obviously higher than the adjective meaning, The meaning of the function word is only the preposition and the mood word two types.
In the fourth chapter, we study the relationship between the new and the old in terms of lexical meaning and draw on the existing research results to sum up the pattern of human cognition. On this basis, we put forward the concept of "the pattern of semantic relationship": the relationship between the sense of meaning can be summed up as five kinds, namely, phase, phase, similarity, similarity, and rotation. A comprehensive survey is carried out, and the statistical results show that the number of rolling is not much, and the number of coincidence and similarity is more than the number of phase and related. Some examples are selected from ancient Chinese, modern Chinese and modern Chinese to verify the explanatory power of the pattern of the sense relationship to Chinese.
The fifth chapter, from the color meaning and grammatical meaning, studies the relationship between the new and the old. The color or consistency of the new and old sense positions, or inconsistencies, the inconsistencies are mainly divided into color change, color adding, color reduction and comprehensive conversion. From the perspective of color cohesion, the change rules of various color meanings are summed up, and the relationship of color meaning and vocabulary is deeply analyzed. In grammatical meaning, the word sex of the new and old sense positions is the same as the mainstream, and the proportion of the concurrently category is not high, but it reflects the law of the change of the grammatical meaning. The relationship between meaning and grammatical meaning.
In the sixth chapter, from the pragmatic point of view, from the point of view of collocation, we examine the whole process of the generation, understanding, communication and stereotyping of new sense positions, draw on the related theories of semantics and cognitive linguistics, and put forward the concepts of Mashup extension, homology replacement, context intervention, semantic reorganization and so on, and explore the linguistic, realistic and cognitive reasons behind the formation of new semantic positions.
The innovation points of this article: first, from the three aspects of the meaning of words (lexical meaning, color meaning, grammatical meaning) to examine the new meaning of contemporary Chinese, analyze the relationship between the new and old sense positions, sum up the relationship between the three aspects and the whole picture and change of the new sense position; two, sum up the relationship of the human cognition, and put forward the meaning of the meaning. Three, by using the related theories of pragmatics, semantics and cognitive linguistics, the whole process of the generation, understanding and stereotyping of new sense positions is examined by collocation.
【学位授予单位】：河北大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H136

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