区别词与名词、动词、形容词的关系研究

发布时间：2018-07-04 23:17

本文选题：区别词 + 名词　；参考：《河北师范大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：区别词是现代汉语中比较特殊的一个词类，它被学术界提出的时间不长，大约在上世纪五、六十年代。随着时间的发展，区别词也在发生着变化，有些旧的区别词逐渐消失，同时也有很多新的区别词加入到这个特殊的词类中。吕叔湘、饶长溶（1981）曾经指出过，区别词的繁殖率仅次于名词。由于区别词处于名词、动词、形容词的临界点上，所以它与这三大词类有着千丝万缕的联系，本文就是通过对现代汉语和古代汉语语料库的检索，依据相关的语言事实和数据统计，从动态的角度研究区别词与名、动、形之间的关系的。除绪论和结语外，本文分为六章。绪论部分主要是简要地介绍了区别词的研究概况，以及本文的研究内容、研究意义、研究方法和语料来源。第一章“区别词分析”。主要陈述了区别词的语法特点，区别词与名、动、形在语法功能和使用范围上的不同之处。同时通过观察《现代汉语词典》（第五版）中区别词的注释简单分析了区别词的兼类情况。第二章“区别词与名词、动词、形容词之间的关系概述”。概括列举了以往学者对区别词与名、动、形之间关系的研究成果，发现他们绝大多数认为区别词在向名、动、形发生着转化、游移。第三章“区别词与名词之间的关系”；第四章“区别词与动词之间的关系”；第五章“区别词与形容词之间的关系”。这三章是本文的主体部分，主要考察《试论非谓形容词》中认为是区别词而在《现代汉语词典》（第五版）中标注为名词、动词、形容词的词语，通过对这些词语在古代汉语及现代汉语语料库中使用情况的分析，结合以往学者们关于词性游移的理论，，得出本文的结论：即在区别词与名、动、形的关系上，就大部分词语而言，并不像先前一些研究者所说的那样是区别词在向名、动、形转化、游移，而是这些词的名、动、形用法是其原有词性的延续或原有用法的延用。第六章“区别词与名、动、形之外其他词类之间的关系”。《试论非谓形容词》所收录的436词中，有7个在《现代汉语词典》（第五版）中被标注成了名、动、形以外的其他词类。本章通过对这几个词语在古代汉语和现代汉语文献中使用情况的考察，得出的结论是：它们在《现代汉语词典》（第五版）中被标注为副词、代词等词类，并非是区别词向副词、代词等发生了转化、游移的结果，而是这些词原来就有副词、代词等词性。最后是结语部分，总结了前文所提出的主要观点，并对本文的不足之处做了说明。
[Abstract]:The distinguishing word is a special part of speech in modern Chinese. It was put forward by the academic circles for a short time, about the fifties and sixties of last century. With the development of time, the differentiating words are also changing, some old distinguishing words are gradually disappearing, and many new distinguishing words are added to this special part of speech at the same time. Lv Shuxiang, Rao Chang-yong (1981) once pointed out that the reproductive rate of distinguishing words is second only to nouns. Because the distinguishing words are at the critical point of nouns, verbs and adjectives, they are inextricably related to these three parts of speech. According to the relevant linguistic facts and statistics, this paper studies the relationship between differentiating words and names, verbs and shapes from a dynamic point of view. In addition to the introduction and conclusion, this article is divided into six chapters. The introduction part mainly introduces the general situation of the research of distinguishing words, as well as the research content, research significance, research methods and the source of the corpus. Chapter one: analysis of distinguishing words. This paper mainly describes the grammatical characteristics of differentiating words, the differences between distinguishing words and names, verbs and shapes in grammatical functions and scope of use. At the same time, by observing the notes of distinguishing words in Modern Chinese Dictionary (Fifth Edition), this paper briefly analyzes the combination of distinguishing words. Chapter two: an overview of the relationship between differentiating words and nouns, verbs and adjectives. This paper summarizes and enumerates the research results of the former scholars on the relationship between differentiating words and names, movements and shapes, and finds that most of them think that the distinguishing words are transforming and moving to names, movements and shapes. The third chapter is "the relationship between differentiating words and nouns"; the fourth chapter is "the relationship between distinguishing words and verbs"; the fifth chapter is "the relationship between distinguishing words and adjectives". These three chapters are the main part of this paper. The main purpose of this paper is to investigate the words which are regarded as distinguishing words in "on Non-predicate adjectives" and marked as nouns, verbs and adjectives in the "Modern Chinese Dictionary" (Fifth Edition). Based on the analysis of the usage of these words in the corpus of ancient Chinese and modern Chinese, combined with the theories of previous scholars on the movement of parts of speech, the conclusion of this paper is as follows: in distinguishing the relationship between words and names, verbs and shapes, As far as most words are concerned, it is not the same as some previous researchers have said, it is the extension of the original part of speech or the extension of the original usage of these words, but the name, verb, form usage of these words is the continuation of their original part of speech or the extension of their original usage. Chapter VI, "the relationship between words and names, verbs and forms of speech". Of the 436 words included in the "Non-predicate adjectives", 7 of the 436 words included in the Modern Chinese Dictionary (Fifth Edition) have been marked as names, movements, and forms of speech other than those of names, movements and shapes. By investigating the usage of these words in ancient Chinese and modern Chinese literature, this chapter draws the conclusion that they are labeled as adverbs, pronouns and other parts of speech in the Modern Chinese Dictionary (Fifth Edition), not as differentiating words to adverbs. Pronouns and so on have the transformation, the migration result, but these words originally have the adverb, pronoun and so on part of speech. The last part is the conclusion, which summarizes the main points raised above, and explains the shortcomings of this paper.
【学位授予单位】：河北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H146

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