汉语日常会话中敏感话题的会话分析

发布时间：2018-07-28 19:13

【摘要】：我们生活在一个言语交际的社会,人类所要进行的一切社会活动都是建立在言语交际的基础之上的。人们在日常言语交际中秉承着“平等参与”的原则,因而在对于话轮的掌控上拥有更强的自主性。尤其是在日常会话牵扯到敏感话题时,在分析总结其规律的时候牵扯的因素和变量也更多、更为复杂。本硕士论文的研究主要就是以汉语日常交际中涉及敏感话题的语料做为研究对象,着力于研究敏感话题在日常交际会话中的发起,回应,扩展和结束的序列结构以及相应的语言特点。本文通过对所收集语料的转写,并运用会话分析的研究方法加以分析,主要有以下几点发现：第一,敏感话题一般是以提问的形式被发起的,且通常是由话题的发起方指定话题,其目的在于满足发起方两个方面的需求：发起诉求和满足好奇心。第二,敏感话题的回应对于话题发起之后的话轮发展有着重要影响。由于交际双方在日常会话中遵循“平等参与”的原则,因此回应一方有着多种回应策略的选择性,或是采用消极反馈的方式回避话题的敏感性,或是以比较极端的方式结束话题等。第三,敏感话题的扩展主要也是由话题的发起方主导的,一般情况下,面对回应方的消极反馈,发起方会采取不断的话题重构来向回应方获取更多的信息以满足自己的交际目的。但对于话题扩展的主导权也不是一成不变的,有些时候回应方也会对原先的发起方发起敏感话题,在这个时候,话题扩展的主导权便易手。第四,从话轮的形式来看,大部分的敏感话题使用的是非优先结构。本次研究成果旨在揭示敏感话题在日常生活中的客观规律,以帮助人们在社会交际中进一步注意沟通的方式、方法,营造良好健康的社会交际环境,促进人际关系的和谐发展。
[Abstract]:We live in a society of verbal communication, and all social activities are based on verbal communication. People adhere to the principle of "equal participation" in their daily verbal communication, so they have more autonomy in the control of the turn. Especially when daily conversation involves sensitive topics, the factors and variables involved in analyzing and summing up the rules are more complex. The research of this thesis is focused on the research on the initiation and response of sensitive topics in the daily communication of Chinese, taking the corpus of sensitive topics as the object of study in the daily communication of Chinese, and focusing on the research on the initiation and response of sensitive topics in the daily communication conversation. Extend and end the sequence structure and the corresponding language features. Based on the translation of the collected data and the use of conversational analysis, this paper finds the following main findings: first, sensitive topics are generally initiated in the form of questions. And the topic is usually designated by the sponsor of the topic, whose purpose is to satisfy the needs of the initiator in two aspects: initiating appeal and satisfying curiosity. Second, the response of sensitive topics has an important impact on the development of discourse after the initiation of the topic. Since both parties follow the principle of "equal participation" in their daily conversation, the responder has the selectivity of multiple response strategies or the sensitivity of avoiding the topic by negative feedback. Or end the topic in a more extreme way. Third, the expansion of sensitive topics is also dominated by the sponsors of the topic. In general, in the face of negative feedback from the respondents, The initiator will take continuous topic refactoring to obtain more information from the respondents to meet their communicative purposes. However, the dominant power of topic expansion is not fixed, and sometimes the respondents will initiate sensitive topics to the original initiator. At this time, the dominant power of topic expansion will change hands. Fourthly, most sensitive topics use non-priority structure from the perspective of turn. The purpose of this study is to reveal the objective laws of sensitive topics in daily life so as to help people pay more attention to the ways and methods of communication in social communication, to create a good and healthy social communication environment and to promote the harmonious development of interpersonal relations.
【学位授予单位】：山西大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：H136

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