从认知语言学角度看文学语篇修辞

发布时间：2018-07-29 21:00

【摘要】：修辞学在语言学中占有重要地位,修辞的应用具有重要的实践意义,特别是文学文本中的修辞运用,尤其能体现作者的文学水平和创作能力。修辞学既是门单独的语言‘学科,又同时与语言学的其他学科有着紧密的联系,比如近年来发展迅速的认知语言学,它在研究人的语言认知能力时,把人对修辞的运用过程也看做是一种认知过程。修辞表达中语义辞格的运用是修饰语言和文本内容的重要体现,而语义辞格中的隐喻作为修辞的一种典型手段,一方面具有极强的修辞功能,能使读者产生无限的联想,另一方面,从认知语言学来讲,隐喻让人们将隐喻中的形象概念化,并通过转义来深刻地完成人对事物的认识过程。认知语言学的核心是认知过程和隐喻理论的阐释,它通过和修辞行为的联系,旨在解决语言‘交流中的几个重要问题：如何通过修辞来认知事物,如何通过认知来理解修辞,二者既有联系又有区别,认知中的隐喻将修辞中的隐喻从概念上扩大并加以解释,尤其是文学文本中的隐喻更能体现作者的创造过程和读者的思维理解过程。因此,通过修辞行为紧密连接的这两个过程,使我们能从认知的角度重新看待修辞。在认知语言学视角下,认知过程涉及了初步的认知,深层的理解和最终同概念化世界的阐释与关联。在此基础上的修辞也体现了认知过程的这几个方面,若要进行词语修饰,就必须对所描绘事物有深层次的认识和理解,当然仅仅这样是不够的,还要同相近的概念联系起来并从本质上进行解释,这才是修辞的意义所在。本文基于认知语言学的核心观点及其相关研究成果,运用举例、对比分析、原理阐释等方法,以语义辞格,尤其是隐喻为例重点解释了二者的相互关系和运行机制。全文主要内容如下：前言阐述本文研究对象、研究方法、理论及现实意义和结构,第一章叙述认知语言学历史及现状、任务和功能；第二章主要讲述修辞的定义及其和认知语言学的关系,并从认知语言学角度讲述修辞中的语义辞格。第三章从认知语言学角度看隐喻的具体反映和作用,他是作者风格的体现,也是时代特征的反映。全文研究结论如下：1)修辞是一种认知行为,在文学文本的语言构建和理解中不能抛弃认知；2)修辞的动态过程就是人的思维活动过程和体现,修辞是认知的延续,也是认知在修辞层面上的延展,它能帮助人们更好的认识世界的本质；3)文学文本的隐喻同认知隐喻的关联揭示了修辞的规律,在现实的言语交际中隐喻不仅仅作为一种语言修辞手段,也作为一种思维方式不断完善着整个社会的认知系统。
[Abstract]:Rhetoric plays an important role in linguistics, and the application of rhetoric has important practical significance, especially in the use of rhetoric in literary texts, especially in embodying the author's literary level and creative ability. Rhetoric is not only a separate subject of language, but also closely related to other subjects of linguistics, such as the rapidly developing cognitive linguistics in recent years. The process of people's use of rhetoric is also regarded as a cognitive process. The use of semantic figures in rhetorical expression is an important embodiment of the modified language and text content. As a typical means of rhetoric, metaphor in semantic rhetoric, on the one hand, has a strong rhetorical function and can make readers have infinite associations. On the other hand, from the perspective of cognitive linguistics, metaphor enables people to conceptualize the image of metaphor and to profoundly complete the process of human understanding of things through the transfer of meaning. The core of cognitive linguistics is the interpretation of cognitive process and metaphorical theory. It aims at solving several important problems in language 'communication through its connection with rhetorical behavior: how to recognize things through rhetoric and how to understand rhetoric through cognition. The cognitive metaphor expands and interprets the metaphor in rhetoric conceptually, especially the metaphor in literary texts can better reflect the author's creative process and the reader's thinking understanding process. Therefore, through the two closely connected processes of rhetorical behavior, we can review rhetoric from the perspective of cognition. From the perspective of cognitive linguistics, the cognitive process involves the initial cognition, the deep understanding and the interpretation and relevance of the conceptual world. The rhetoric on this basis also reflects these aspects of the cognitive process. If words are to be modified, it is necessary to have a deep understanding and understanding of the things described, which is of course not enough. It is the meaning of rhetoric to be connected with similar concepts and to explain them in essence. Based on the core point of view of cognitive linguistics and its related research results, this paper uses examples, comparative analysis, principle explanation and so on to explain the relationship and operation mechanism of semantic case, especially metaphor. The main contents of this paper are as follows: the preface describes the research object, research methods, theoretical and practical significance and structure. The first chapter describes the history and current situation, tasks and functions of cognitive linguistics; The second chapter focuses on the definition of rhetoric and its relationship with cognitive linguistics, and discusses the semantic figures in rhetoric from the perspective of cognitive linguistics. Chapter three looks at the concrete reflection and function of metaphor from the perspective of cognitive linguistics, which is the reflection of the author's style as well as the characteristics of the times. The conclusion of this paper is as follows: (1) rhetoric is a kind of cognitive behavior, and the dynamic process of rhetoric is the process and embodiment of human's thinking, and rhetoric is the continuation of cognition in the language construction and understanding of literary texts. It is also the extension of cognition on the rhetorical level, which can help people better understand the essence of the world. 3) the relationship between metaphor and cognitive metaphor in literary texts reveals the laws of rhetoric. Metaphor is not only a rhetorical device, but also a way of thinking to perfect the cognitive system of the whole society.
【学位授予单位】：陕西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H05

【参考文献】