现代汉语“说X就X”格式之多角度考察

发布时间：2018-08-07 19:10

【摘要】：“说X就X”格式作为现代汉语中的常用表达式,使用频率非常之高,但学界对这一格式尚缺乏系统的研究。本文以句法、语义、语用三个平面理论为指导,通过分析大量的语料,在前人研究的基础上,对现代汉语中的“说X就X”格式的内部构成、句法层面、语义层面、语用层面以及格式的历时发展等方而进行多角度的考察。论文共分七章：第一章：绪论。主要介绍了本文的研究对象、前人的研究述评、研究的目的及意义。最后,还对语料的来源与搜集作了说明。第二章：格式的构成。主要分析了格式中的常项即“说”和“就”的语义和性质；着重探讨了格式中“X”的性质；在语法性质上,X多为动词和形容词性成分,X为动词成分时,可以是词和短语；进一步分析了格式对“X”的限制：在音节方面,“X”多为单音节；在语义方面,具有[+自主][+动作]等语义特征的动词更容易进入到格式中。第三章：格式的句法层面的研究。本章主要分析“说X就X”格式的句法功能和可以出现的句类。在句法功能上,格式可以充当谓语、定语、宾语、补语和独立语。在句类上,格式多出现于陈述句中,在疑问句、感叹句和祈使句中则较少出现。第四章：格式的语义层面的研究。本章通过分析“说”的语义演变和格式中“X”的语义倾向,概括出了格式的整体义；并以时间域为参照点,进一步分析了格式用于已然事实和未然事实的情况,以及“说X就X”表达的情态语义。第五章：格式的语用层面的研究。在语用色彩上,格式可以表示态度坚决、意外或惊讶、不满或责备的情绪以及听从或接受的态度；在与句子信息结构的关系上,格式既可以作焦点信息,也可以作背景信息；在语篇功能上,格式具有语篇的承接功能和示后功能。第六章：格式的历时发展及形成动因。通过考察语料,格式产生于明代；“说”的语义的虚化和内部成分的重新分析是促使其语法化的重要原因。第七章：结语。对论文前六章所做的研究进行归纳和总结。
[Abstract]:As a common expression in modern Chinese, "say X on X" format is very frequently used, but there is no systematic research on it in academic circles. Under the guidance of the three plane theories of syntax, semantics and pragmatics, this paper analyzes a large number of corpus and, on the basis of previous studies, analyzes the internal structure, syntactic level and semantic level of the "saying X on X" format in modern Chinese. The pragmatic level and the diachronic development of the format are investigated from various angles. The thesis is divided into seven chapters: chapter one: introduction. This paper mainly introduces the research object, the former research review, the purpose and significance of the research. Finally, the source and collection of the corpus are explained. Chapter two: composition of format. This paper mainly analyzes the semantics and properties of the usual items in the format, that is, "saying" and "on", emphasizes on the nature of "X" in the format, and on the grammatical nature, it can be words and phrases when most of them are verbs and adjective elements. The limitation of format to "X" is further analyzed: in syllable, "X" is mostly monosyllabic, and in semantic aspect, verbs with semantic characteristics such as "autonomous" [action] are more easily entered into the format. Chapter three: the syntactic level of format. This chapter mainly analyzes the syntactic function and possible sentence types of "Shuo X on X" format. In syntactic function, format can act as predicate, attribute, object, complement and independent. In the category of sentences, the format appears mostly in statements, but rarely in interrogative, exclamatory and imperative sentences. Chapter four: the semantic level of format. By analyzing the semantic evolution of "Shuo" and the semantic tendency of "X" in the format, this chapter generalizes the overall meaning of the format, and takes the time domain as the reference point to further analyze the situation in which the format is used for the existing facts and the pre-existing facts. And the modal semantics of saying X on X. Chapter five: the pragmatic level of format. In terms of pragmatic color, the format can express a firm attitude, surprise or surprise, dissatisfaction or reproach, as well as an attitude of listening or accepting, and in relation to the structure of sentence information, the format can be used either as focus information or as background information. In terms of textual functions, the format has the functions of text acceptance and posttext. Chapter VI: the diachronic development and formation of the format. Through the investigation of the corpus, the format came into being in the Ming Dynasty, and the semantic deficiency of "Shuo" and the re-analysis of the internal components were the important reasons to promote its grammaticalization. Chapter seven: conclusion. The first six chapters of the paper are summarized and summarized.
【学位授予单位】：浙江师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H146.3

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