关联理论框架下隐喻的识解

发布时间：2018-08-20 19:33

【摘要】：隐喻作为一种语言现象，长期受到人们的关注。虽然不同学者从不同角度对这一问题进行了不同的阐述，他们的研究也为隐喻的研究做出了非凡的贡献，但隐喻的识解仍然不能令人满意。关联理论作为认知语用的核心理论，对于隐喻的阐释更具有科学性和系统性。从关联理论对隐喻的进行识解，不但为隐喻的研究提供了又一强大的理论依据，同时也是人们对于古老话题的一种全新的认识和思考。本文的研究问题是如何从关联理论解释了隐喻产生的原因、工作机制和本质及在关联理论框架下如何解析隐喻话语。首先，关联理论认为字面表达和非字面表达不存在任何差异，，任何话语都是说话者在关联的指导下生成的产物，这也是为什么关联理论能够解释隐喻的原因。隐喻的使用是说话人思想最佳关联的表达，所以我们不需要任何特别的步骤去理解隐喻。其次，隐喻的产生是由于事物之间的相似，但语境和人的认知能力却影响着相似性的形成。而且，交际的话语之间是有关联的，所以隐喻的相似性的寻求就是在寻求事物之间的关联。所以我们可以从关联的角度解释隐喻。除此之外，隐喻不仅代表了话语命题形式和它所表达的思想之间的解释关系，而且还代表着该思想和实际事物状态之间的一种描述性关系。即隐喻实质上是一种语言的描述性使用。再次，本文认为隐喻本质上是一种需要付出加工努力的随意言谈，它的命题形式与说话人的思想命题形式之间存在着相似的关系。在互明的前提下，以获得最佳关联为终极目标，听话者需要付出一定的心智努力去探索隐喻的隐含意义，这个过程需要听话者不断地付出努力，但听话者获得的语境效果是不断付出努力的回报。最后，本文进一步探讨了隐喻的认知理解过程。隐喻的识解依然在“明示-推理”下进行，同时进行五个步骤：隐喻的识别、显义的识别、语境假设和最佳关联的构建、隐含意义的还原。第一项任务是隐喻的识别。第二项是显意的识别，这一过程是通过解码、消除歧义、确定命题内部的指称对象等语用手段来完成的。在第三、四项任务语境假设的构建中，听话者总是遵循付出最少努力获得足够语境效果的原则。这是整个认知过程中最关键的部分，但是语境不是预先给定的而是选择的结果。第四项任务隐含意义的获得，通过明示推理和听话者一系列的选择语境，最终隐喻的意义得到识别。本文的创新点在于打破了以往仅仅从认知语用的角度进行分析隐喻，明确了关联理论在隐喻阐释过程中所起的作用，并用实例展示了关联理论框架下隐喻识解过程。本文得出的结论是：与其他理论相比，关联理论对于隐喻的识解更有效也更有说服力。
[Abstract]:Metaphor, as a linguistic phenomenon, has long been concerned by people. Although different scholars have made different interpretations of this issue from different angles and their studies have made remarkable contributions to the study of metaphor, the interpretation of metaphor is still unsatisfactory. Relevance theory, as the core theory of cognitive pragmatics, is more scientific and systematic in the interpretation of metaphor. The interpretation of metaphor from relevance theory not only provides a strong theoretical basis for the study of metaphor, but also is a new understanding and thinking of ancient topics. The research of this thesis is about how to explain the reasons of metaphor from relevance theory, the working mechanism and nature of metaphor, and how to analyze metaphorical discourse under the framework of relevance theory. Firstly, relevance theory holds that there is no difference between literal expression and non-literal expression. Any utterance is the product of the speaker under the guidance of relevance, which is why relevance theory can explain metaphor. The use of metaphor is the expression of the best relevance of the speaker's mind, so we do not need any special steps to understand metaphor. Secondly, metaphor is caused by the similarity of things, but context and human cognitive ability affect the formation of similarity. Moreover, the utterance of communication is related, so the search for similarity of metaphor is to seek the relation between things. So we can interpret metaphor from the perspective of relevance. In addition, metaphor not only represents the explanatory relationship between the form of discourse proposition and the thought it expresses, but also represents a descriptive relationship between the thought and the actual state of things. Metaphor is essentially a descriptive use of language. Thirdly, this paper argues that metaphor is essentially a kind of casual speech which needs to be processed, and there is a similar relationship between its propositional form and the speaker's thought propositional form. In the premise of mutual clarity, the ultimate goal is to obtain the best relevance. The hearer needs to make a certain mental effort to explore the implied meaning of metaphor, and this process requires the hearer to make continuous efforts. But the contextual effect obtained by the hearer is the reward of constant effort. Finally, the thesis explores the cognitive understanding of metaphor. The interpretation of metaphor is still carried out under the "ostensive-inferential" approach, with five steps: the recognition of metaphor, the recognition of explicit meaning, the construction of contextual hypothesis and optimal relevance, and the restoration of implicit meaning. The first task is to recognize metaphors. The second is explicit recognition, which is accomplished by decoding, disambiguation, and identifying referential objects within propositions. Thirdly, in the construction of the context hypothesis of the four tasks, the hearer always follows the principle of making the least effort to obtain sufficient contextual effects. This is the most critical part of the whole cognitive process, but context is not predefined but the result of selection. The implicit meaning of the fourth task is identified by means of ostensive-inferential reasoning and a series of selective contexts of the hearer. The innovation of this paper is to break the previous analysis of metaphor from the perspective of cognitive pragmatics, clarify the role of relevance theory in the process of metaphor interpretation, and demonstrate the process of metaphor interpretation under the framework of relevance theory. The conclusion of this paper is that relevance theory is more effective and persuasive in the interpretation of metaphor than other theories.
【学位授予单位】：沈阳师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H05

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