捷克语状语与汉语程度补语及状语对比分析及其在教学中的应用
发布时间：2018-09-07 15:31
【摘要】：捷克语,作为屈折性语言,没有像汉语补语一样的语法句法现象,修饰谓语动词的句子成分只有状语。要把捷克语状语翻译成汉语,有两个可能性。一是把它翻译成像汉语一样的状语；二是把它翻译成程度补语。状语和补语在汉语里是有语义差别的,但是母语为捷克语的汉语学习者经常是看不出差别来的。具体应该翻译成什么只能根据语境来决定,而且翻译方法的选择通常依赖于语感。捷克的中文学缺少这方面的语言研究,我们在汉语教学中遇到上述问题时就解释不了,汉语学生则掌握不好这些问题。因此,本论文通过例句对比分析,总结出汉语状语与程度补语的用法规律,并对捷克的汉语教学提出一些建议。 本论文共分五章。第一章的第一节说明汉语状语和程度补语的互换性带来的问题以及本论文主题选择的动机；第二节介绍相似研究在国内外的现状和捷克的中文学概况；第三节则说明本论文对比分析材料的来源。由于在进行对比研究时,需要使用来自中国和捷克两种不同的语言学术语和对语言现象的理解,所以第四节我们对这些差异进行梳理,并讲明我们在本论文里采用的相关语法和句法术语和概念。 进行对比分析之前,我们逐一介绍相关语法句法点。第二章第一节,我们首先描写汉语状语在句子中的位置、功能和状语的基本种类；第二节,描写汉语程度补语的功能和种类；第三节,思考汉语状语和程度补语在语义方面的差别,并提供我们对汉语句子结构的逻辑理解和概念。 第三章较详细地描述捷克语状语及其在句中的功能和分类,以方便读者更好地理解捷克语状语相关捷克语语法点。本章我们举出很多例子,因为句子成分顺序对汉语和捷克语句法结构的了解尤其重要。第三章第二节,说明两种语言的句子词序和“语句的实际切分”的概念。 第四章是本论文的主题——例句的分析。首先我们在第一节说明例句选择和分析方法；第二节根据在例句分析过程中发现的规律分为两个组,每个组包含原句跟对比句的对比和规律的解释。第三节则把通过对比发现的规律总结出来,并基于它们对捷克的汉语教学提出一些建议。 第五章为本文的结论。
[Abstract]:Czech, as a inflectional language, does not have grammatical and syntactic phenomena like Chinese complements. There are two possibilities for translating Czech adverbials into Chinese. One is to translate it into adverbial like Chinese, the other is to translate it into degree complement. Adverbials and complements are semantically different in Chinese, but Chinese learners whose mother tongue is Czech are often invisible. What should be translated can only be determined by context, and the choice of translation methods usually depends on language sense. There is a lack of language research in Czech studies of Chinese, which we cannot explain when we encounter the above problems in Chinese teaching, and Chinese students can not master these problems. Therefore, through the comparative analysis of examples, this paper sums up the usage rules of adverbial and degree complement in Chinese, and puts forward some suggestions for the teaching of Chinese in Czech Republic. This thesis is divided into five chapters. The first section of the first chapter explains the problems caused by the interchangeability of adverbial and degree complement in Chinese and the motivation of theme selection in this thesis. The third section explains the source of the comparative analysis of the material in this paper. Since it is necessary to use two different linguistic terms from China and the Czech Republic and to understand linguistic phenomena in the comparative study, in the fourth section we sort out these differences. The relevant grammatical and syntactic terms and concepts used in this thesis are also described. Before making a contrastive analysis, we introduce the syntactic points one by one. In the first section, we first describe the position, function and basic types of adverbial in the sentence; in the second section, we describe the function and type of the Chinese degree complement; in the third section, we describe the function and the type of the adverbial in the sentence; in the second section, we describe the function and the type of the Chinese degree complement; This paper considers the semantic differences between adverbial and degree complement, and provides us with the logical understanding and concept of Chinese sentence structure. The third chapter describes in detail the function and classification of the adverbial in the Czech language, so as to facilitate the readers to better understand the grammatical points of the Czech language related to the adverbial. In this chapter, we give many examples because the sequence of sentence components is particularly important in understanding Chinese and Czech syntactic structures. Chapter 3, section 2, explains the word order of sentences and the concept of "actual segmentation of sentences" in both languages. The fourth chapter is the analysis of the topic of this paper-example sentence. In the first section, we explain the method of sample sentence selection and analysis. The second section is divided into two groups according to the rules found in the process of example sentence analysis. Each group contains the contrastive and regular interpretation of the original sentence and the contrast sentence. The third section summarizes the laws found through comparison, and puts forward some suggestions on the Czech language teaching based on them. The fifth chapter is the conclusion of this paper.
【学位授予单位】：中央民族大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H195
本文编号：2228666
[Abstract]:Czech, as a inflectional language, does not have grammatical and syntactic phenomena like Chinese complements. There are two possibilities for translating Czech adverbials into Chinese. One is to translate it into adverbial like Chinese, the other is to translate it into degree complement. Adverbials and complements are semantically different in Chinese, but Chinese learners whose mother tongue is Czech are often invisible. What should be translated can only be determined by context, and the choice of translation methods usually depends on language sense. There is a lack of language research in Czech studies of Chinese, which we cannot explain when we encounter the above problems in Chinese teaching, and Chinese students can not master these problems. Therefore, through the comparative analysis of examples, this paper sums up the usage rules of adverbial and degree complement in Chinese, and puts forward some suggestions for the teaching of Chinese in Czech Republic. This thesis is divided into five chapters. The first section of the first chapter explains the problems caused by the interchangeability of adverbial and degree complement in Chinese and the motivation of theme selection in this thesis. The third section explains the source of the comparative analysis of the material in this paper. Since it is necessary to use two different linguistic terms from China and the Czech Republic and to understand linguistic phenomena in the comparative study, in the fourth section we sort out these differences. The relevant grammatical and syntactic terms and concepts used in this thesis are also described. Before making a contrastive analysis, we introduce the syntactic points one by one. In the first section, we first describe the position, function and basic types of adverbial in the sentence; in the second section, we describe the function and type of the Chinese degree complement; in the third section, we describe the function and the type of the adverbial in the sentence; in the second section, we describe the function and the type of the Chinese degree complement; This paper considers the semantic differences between adverbial and degree complement, and provides us with the logical understanding and concept of Chinese sentence structure. The third chapter describes in detail the function and classification of the adverbial in the Czech language, so as to facilitate the readers to better understand the grammatical points of the Czech language related to the adverbial. In this chapter, we give many examples because the sequence of sentence components is particularly important in understanding Chinese and Czech syntactic structures. Chapter 3, section 2, explains the word order of sentences and the concept of "actual segmentation of sentences" in both languages. The fourth chapter is the analysis of the topic of this paper-example sentence. In the first section, we explain the method of sample sentence selection and analysis. The second section is divided into two groups according to the rules found in the process of example sentence analysis. Each group contains the contrastive and regular interpretation of the original sentence and the contrast sentence. The third section summarizes the laws found through comparison, and puts forward some suggestions on the Czech language teaching based on them. The fifth chapter is the conclusion of this paper.
【学位授予单位】：中央民族大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H195
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