英汉诗歌中花隐喻的认知对比研究

发布时间：2018-09-08 06:40

【摘要】：隐喻研究一直吸引着语言学家的关注。在传统研究中，隐喻仅仅被认作一种语言现象，一种用于修饰语言的修辞手段。后起的认知语言学则认为，隐喻不仅是一种语言现象，还是人类普遍存在的一种认知现象。1980年莱柯夫和约翰逊提出概念隐喻理论，认为隐喻的本质是利用一种事物来理解另一事物。他们认为，隐喻是从始源域到目标域的映射，是基于身体体验的认知工具，普遍存在于人类的日常生活和语言中。但是，诗歌中的隐喻通常被当作一种修辞手段来研究。本文选取新的认知语言学视角，对诗歌中的花隐喻进行研究。本文在回顾相关文献后，以概念隐喻理论和认知范畴化理论为依据，，尝试对英汉诗歌中的花隐喻做一个对比研究。作者从400首汉语诗歌和400首英语诗歌中分别选取大量包含花意象的诗句，以此为研究语料。目的是系统分析花隐喻的跨域映射，并且总结英汉诗歌中花隐喻的异同及原因。研究发现：1)人们在对具体事物、抽象概念甚至是人类自身的概念化过程中花隐喻起到重要的作用，因此花隐喻常常应用于英汉诗歌中。在花隐喻的帮助下，读者更容易理解抽象概念，比如对悲伤和爱情的理解。2)英汉诗歌中的花隐喻既有相似之处，又有不同之处。花向人类映射时，英语诗歌和汉语诗歌共享目标域主要有人的外貌、生命或青春。然而，英语诗歌通常以玫瑰花、茉莉花、雏菊和紫罗兰等为始源域，而汉语诗歌则通常以桃花、荷花、梨花、牡丹等为始源域。3)受到中国传统哲学思想“天人合一”的影响，汉语诗歌比英语诗歌更擅用花意象。英语诗歌特有的一个概念隐喻是“愿望是花”，而汉语诗歌则比较倾向于用花来隐喻人类的品格。英汉诗歌中花隐喻的共同点源于人类的认知共性，而不同点则源于文化差异。本文通过对英汉诗歌中花隐喻的认知对比研究，一方面为概念隐喻理论和范畴化理论提供了跨语言的证据，另一方面本研究将会有助于英汉诗歌的学习及理解。
[Abstract]:The study of metaphor has always attracted the attention of linguists. In traditional studies, metaphor is considered only as a linguistic phenomenon, a rhetorical device used to modify language. Later cognitive linguistics holds that metaphor is not only a linguistic phenomenon, but also a universal cognitive phenomenon. Lakoff and Johnson put forward conceptual metaphor theory in 1980. The essence of metaphor is to use one thing to understand another. They believe that metaphor is a mapping from the origin domain to the target domain, and it is a cognitive tool based on physical experience, which is widely used in human daily life and language. However, metaphor in poetry is usually studied as a rhetorical device. This paper studies flower metaphors in poetry from a new perspective of cognitive linguistics. Based on the theories of conceptual metaphor and cognitive categorization, this paper attempts to make a comparative study of flower metaphors in English and Chinese poetry. From 400 Chinese poems and 400 English poems, the author selects a large number of poems containing flower images as the research corpus. The purpose is to systematically analyze the cross-domain mapping of flower metaphors and to summarize the similarities and differences of flower metaphors in English and Chinese poetry and their causes. The study finds that flower metaphors play an important role in the process of conceptualization of concrete things abstract concepts and even human beings. Therefore flower metaphors are often used in English and Chinese poetry. With the help of flower metaphors, it is easier for readers to understand abstract concepts, such as sadness and love. 2) there are similarities and differences in flower metaphors in English and Chinese poetry. When flowers map to human beings, English poetry and Chinese poetry share the main target domain of people's appearance, life or youth. However, English poetry is usually originated from roses, jasmine, daisy and violet, while Chinese poetry usually takes peach blossom, lotus flower, pear flower and peony as the origin domain. 3) it is influenced by the traditional Chinese philosophy thought of "the unity of nature and man". Chinese poetry is better at using flower imagery than English poetry. One of the unique conceptual metaphors in English poetry is "wish is flower", while Chinese poetry tends to use flowers to metaphor human character. The common denominator of flower metaphors in English and Chinese poetry originates from the cognitive commonness of human beings, while the difference stems from cultural differences. Based on the cognitive contrastive study of flower metaphors in English and Chinese poetry, this thesis provides cross-linguistic evidence for conceptual metaphor theory and categorization theory, on the other hand, this study will contribute to the study and understanding of English and Chinese poetry.
【学位授予单位】：曲阜师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：H05

【参考文献】