汉语目的范畴及其表达手段
发布时间：2018-10-09 09:09
【摘要】：与其它语义范畴相比，汉语学界对目的范畴的研究还不够全面、不够深入。本文在功能语法学的理论框架下，选取现代汉语目的范畴中的四个专题进行研究。研究目标是对目的范畴研究中的传统问题提出一些新的看法，尤其是对前人没有专门探讨过的一些问题加以关注，力图揭示出相关语法现象背后的规律和机制，以深化语法学界对汉语目的范畴的认识。除绪论和结论外，本文具体包括以下四个部分： 一、目的范畴的语义基础与语法形式 目的范畴建立的语义基础表现为意图性、“行为-目的”关系、事件状态的变化和非现实这四个基本语义特征。这些语义特征也是判别一个句子或结构是否为目的小句的基准。现代汉语目的范畴的句法表达形式包括目的复句，带有目的标记的单句，无标记目的表达式和“V+目的宾语”结构等四种类型，它们在目的语义表达的原型性上形成了一个连续统。 二、目的标记的形成模式及其类型学特征 人类语言的语法化既有强烈的共性倾向，也有不同的类型变异。在以历时语言学的视角讨论现代汉语目的小句连接标记的语源概念和演变路径的基础上，对这些目的标记的形成模式加以跨语言的审视，，可以看到汉语目的标记的语法化演变所体现出的人类语言的共性特征以及汉语自身的类型特征。 三、目的小句语序模式的认知理据 现代汉语中目的小句有前置与后置两种共存的语序模式。已有的研究都难以对此作出合理的解释。基于对“行为-目的”关系心理表征方式的考察，可以看到意图和目的这对概念对汉语目的范畴的研究至关重要。它们之间的区别与联系不仅是目的小句语序模式确立的理据，同时也是目的标记系统形成的理据。 四、目的小句主语的隐现及其制约因素 现代汉语中，目的小句主语的隐现在根本上是语境和句法等多种因素综合作用的结果。通常情况下目的小句的主语是选择性出现的，但有时却是强制性隐去的。主语的选择性出现与语境的滤补功能有关。主语的强制性隐去则受到了句法因素的制约。
[Abstract]:Compared with other semantic categories, the study of target category in Chinese language is not comprehensive and deep enough. Under the theoretical framework of functional grammar, this paper studies four topics in the category of modern Chinese. The aim of the study is to put forward some new views on the traditional problems in the study of target category, especially to pay close attention to some problems which have not been specially explored by the predecessors, in order to reveal the rules and mechanisms behind the relevant grammatical phenomena. In order to deepen the understanding of grammatical circles on the category of Chinese purpose. In addition to the introduction and conclusion, this paper includes the following four parts: first, the semantic basis of the objective category and the grammatical form of the purpose category are expressed as intention and the relationship between "behavior and purpose". The change of event state and the non-reality are the four basic semantic features. These semantic features are also the basis for judging whether a sentence or structure is a clause of purpose. The syntactic expressions of the target category in modern Chinese include four types: the purpose complex sentence, the single sentence with the purpose marker, the unmarked object expression and the "V purpose object" structure. They form a continuum in the prototyping of the semantic expression of purpose. Second, the formation mode and typological characteristics of target markers have strong common tendency and different types of variation in grammaticalization of human languages. On the basis of discussing the etymological concept and evolution path of the connective markers of target clauses in modern Chinese from the perspective of diachronic linguistics, this paper makes a cross-linguistic examination of the formation mode of these target markers. It can be seen that the grammaticalization evolution of Chinese target marks embodies the common features of human language and the type characteristics of Chinese itself. Third, the cognitive motivation of the word order model of the teleological clause in modern Chinese, there are two kinds of word order patterns: the preposition and the postposition in the Skopos. It is difficult to make a reasonable explanation for all the existing studies. Based on the investigation of the psychological representation of behavioral-teleological relationship, we can see that intention and purpose are very important to the study of Chinese target category. The differences and connections between them are not only the motivation for the establishment of the word order model of the purpose clause, but also the motivation for the formation of the purpose marker system. Fourthly, the concealment of the subject of the purpose clause and its restrictive factors in modern Chinese are basically the result of the combined effect of various factors such as context and syntax. In general, the subject of the purpose clause is selective, but sometimes it is mandatory. The selective appearance of the subject is related to the function of the filter and complement of the context. The compulsory concealment of subject is restricted by syntactic factors.
【学位授予单位】：上海师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H146
本文编号：2258793
[Abstract]:Compared with other semantic categories, the study of target category in Chinese language is not comprehensive and deep enough. Under the theoretical framework of functional grammar, this paper studies four topics in the category of modern Chinese. The aim of the study is to put forward some new views on the traditional problems in the study of target category, especially to pay close attention to some problems which have not been specially explored by the predecessors, in order to reveal the rules and mechanisms behind the relevant grammatical phenomena. In order to deepen the understanding of grammatical circles on the category of Chinese purpose. In addition to the introduction and conclusion, this paper includes the following four parts: first, the semantic basis of the objective category and the grammatical form of the purpose category are expressed as intention and the relationship between "behavior and purpose". The change of event state and the non-reality are the four basic semantic features. These semantic features are also the basis for judging whether a sentence or structure is a clause of purpose. The syntactic expressions of the target category in modern Chinese include four types: the purpose complex sentence, the single sentence with the purpose marker, the unmarked object expression and the "V purpose object" structure. They form a continuum in the prototyping of the semantic expression of purpose. Second, the formation mode and typological characteristics of target markers have strong common tendency and different types of variation in grammaticalization of human languages. On the basis of discussing the etymological concept and evolution path of the connective markers of target clauses in modern Chinese from the perspective of diachronic linguistics, this paper makes a cross-linguistic examination of the formation mode of these target markers. It can be seen that the grammaticalization evolution of Chinese target marks embodies the common features of human language and the type characteristics of Chinese itself. Third, the cognitive motivation of the word order model of the teleological clause in modern Chinese, there are two kinds of word order patterns: the preposition and the postposition in the Skopos. It is difficult to make a reasonable explanation for all the existing studies. Based on the investigation of the psychological representation of behavioral-teleological relationship, we can see that intention and purpose are very important to the study of Chinese target category. The differences and connections between them are not only the motivation for the establishment of the word order model of the purpose clause, but also the motivation for the formation of the purpose marker system. Fourthly, the concealment of the subject of the purpose clause and its restrictive factors in modern Chinese are basically the result of the combined effect of various factors such as context and syntax. In general, the subject of the purpose clause is selective, but sometimes it is mandatory. The selective appearance of the subject is related to the function of the filter and complement of the context. The compulsory concealment of subject is restricted by syntactic factors.
【学位授予单位】：上海师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H146
【引证文献】
相关博士学位论文 前1条
1 王凤兰;现代汉语目的范畴研究[D];暨南大学;2008年
本文编号：2258793
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