新时期新词语的来源和动态发展分析
发布时间：2018-10-23 06:44
【摘要】：本文首先通过对亢世勇、刘海润主编的《新词语大词典（1978——2002）》以及王均熙主编的《新世纪汉语新词词典》（收录的是2000——2005年的新词语）和《汉语新词词典2006——2010》进行分类、分析，分别得出20世纪80年代的新词语、90年代的新词语和2000——2010年这三个阶段的新词语，这样就建立起新时期新词语的全部面貌。然后再与李行健主编的《现代汉语规范词典》（第二版）（2010年出版）进行对比，看哪些新词语进入了基本稳定的状态，，哪些新词语还处于现代汉语词汇的活动层面。 其后探讨新词语的产生原因，本文提出从新创、吸收、改造、类推、激活五个方面进行分析。其中新创，就是指新创造出来的新词语，包括社会的发展变化带来的新词语、人们的价值观念变化带来的新词语以及网络带来的新词语；吸收，包括吸收外来词和吸收港澳台社区词以及方言词；改造，就是对旧词进行改造，包括两种，一种是改造后未产生新义，如缩略、简称、合称、谐音带来的改造并没有导致新义的产生，一种是改造后产生了新义，如比喻、引申等使原词的意义发生了转移；类推，分为相对类推和成列类推，其中成列类推产生了大量词族，是新词语发展过程中的一个明显特点；激活，包括激活旧词和激活旧字，这些旧词和旧义因为一些社会热点等原因被广泛熟知或重视。 再后，本文从宏观角度分析了新词语在三个时期的不同发展方向，以数据说明哪些新词语进入了汉语的稳定层面，哪些新词语仍处于现代汉语的活动层面，并从新事物、新概念的普及性和不流行性的博弈、新价值观念与旧思想观念的博弈、语言经济型和明确性的博弈、外来词语与本族汉语词的博弈、语言自身的规范性原则五个方面分析新词语有不同发展方向的原因。 最后本文从微观着手，分析新词语在每个时期的音节种类及分布特点、词性种类及分布特点以及内部结构种类和分布特点，得出它们发展中的相同趋势和不同特点，为2000——2010年以及以后的新词语发展方向提供预测提示。希望本文能为研究新词语的动态发展提供一些启示。
[Abstract]:In this paper, first of all, The New words Dictionary (1978-2002), the New Century Chinese New words Dictionary (which contains the new words from 2000-2005) and the Chinese New words Dictionary 2006-2010, edited by Liu Hailun (1978-2002), are classified and analyzed. The new words of the 1980s, the new words of the 1990s and the new words of the three stages from 2000 to 2010 are obtained respectively, so that the whole face of the new words in the new period is established. Then it compares with Li Xingjian's Dictionary of norms of Modern Chinese (second Edition) (published in 2010) to see which new words have entered a stable state and which are still in the active level of modern Chinese vocabulary. Then it discusses the causes of neologisms, and analyzes them from five aspects: innovation, absorption, transformation, analogies and activation. The new word is the new word, including the new word brought by the development of society, the new word brought by the change of people's values and the new word brought by the network. Including the absorption of foreign words, the absorption of community words from Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan, and the use of dialect words; transformation means the transformation of old words, which includes two types. One is that new meanings have not been generated after the transformation, such as acronyms, abbreviations, and combination. The transformation brought about by homophony did not lead to the production of new meanings. One is that after the transformation, new meanings are produced, such as metaphor, extension and so on, so that the meaning of the original words is transferred; analogy is divided into relative analogies and series analogies. Among them, a large number of word families are generated by analogy, which is an obvious feature in the development of new words, and activation, including activation of old words and old words, which have been widely known or paid attention to because of some social hot spots, etc. After that, this paper analyzes the different development directions of neologisms in three periods from a macro perspective, and explains with data which neologisms have entered the stable level of Chinese, which neologisms are still in the active level of modern Chinese, and from the perspective of new things. The popularity and non-epidemic game of new concepts, the game between new values and old ideas, the game between language economy and clarity, the game between loanwords and native Chinese words, This paper analyzes the reasons for the different development of neologisms from five aspects of the normative principles of language itself. Finally, from the micro perspective, this paper analyzes the syllable types and distribution characteristics, parts of speech types and distribution characteristics, internal structure types and distribution characteristics of neologisms in each period, and finds out the same trends and different characteristics in their development. It provides a forecast for the development direction of new words in 2000-2010 and beyond. I hope this paper can provide some enlightenment for the study of the dynamic development of neologisms.
【学位授予单位】：中国海洋大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H136
本文编号：2288341
[Abstract]:In this paper, first of all, The New words Dictionary (1978-2002), the New Century Chinese New words Dictionary (which contains the new words from 2000-2005) and the Chinese New words Dictionary 2006-2010, edited by Liu Hailun (1978-2002), are classified and analyzed. The new words of the 1980s, the new words of the 1990s and the new words of the three stages from 2000 to 2010 are obtained respectively, so that the whole face of the new words in the new period is established. Then it compares with Li Xingjian's Dictionary of norms of Modern Chinese (second Edition) (published in 2010) to see which new words have entered a stable state and which are still in the active level of modern Chinese vocabulary. Then it discusses the causes of neologisms, and analyzes them from five aspects: innovation, absorption, transformation, analogies and activation. The new word is the new word, including the new word brought by the development of society, the new word brought by the change of people's values and the new word brought by the network. Including the absorption of foreign words, the absorption of community words from Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan, and the use of dialect words; transformation means the transformation of old words, which includes two types. One is that new meanings have not been generated after the transformation, such as acronyms, abbreviations, and combination. The transformation brought about by homophony did not lead to the production of new meanings. One is that after the transformation, new meanings are produced, such as metaphor, extension and so on, so that the meaning of the original words is transferred; analogy is divided into relative analogies and series analogies. Among them, a large number of word families are generated by analogy, which is an obvious feature in the development of new words, and activation, including activation of old words and old words, which have been widely known or paid attention to because of some social hot spots, etc. After that, this paper analyzes the different development directions of neologisms in three periods from a macro perspective, and explains with data which neologisms have entered the stable level of Chinese, which neologisms are still in the active level of modern Chinese, and from the perspective of new things. The popularity and non-epidemic game of new concepts, the game between new values and old ideas, the game between language economy and clarity, the game between loanwords and native Chinese words, This paper analyzes the reasons for the different development of neologisms from five aspects of the normative principles of language itself. Finally, from the micro perspective, this paper analyzes the syllable types and distribution characteristics, parts of speech types and distribution characteristics, internal structure types and distribution characteristics of neologisms in each period, and finds out the same trends and different characteristics in their development. It provides a forecast for the development direction of new words in 2000-2010 and beyond. I hope this paper can provide some enlightenment for the study of the dynamic development of neologisms.
【学位授予单位】：中国海洋大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H136
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