英汉报纸新闻中被动语态人际意义的对比研究

发布时间：2018-11-09 20:53

【摘要】：被动语态作为一种常见的语言现象，广泛应用于新闻、科技、商务信函等正式语体中。一直以来，学者对其研究大多集中在语义和句法层面，对其功能的研究也大多集中在概念和语篇功能层面上，鲜少涉及其人际功能。同时，系统功能语法认为，主动句和相应的被动句所表达的概念功能和人际功能是一样的（胡壮麟等，2008:100），只是语篇功能上两者侧重点不同。然而，笔者认为，选择即意义，被动句和其对应的主动句所体现的人际意义不同，且被动语态在英汉两种语言中的人际意义存在差异。因此，本文从韩礼德的功能语法角度出发，对英汉报纸新闻中被动语态的人际意义进行对比分析，试图解决两个主要问题：一.被动语态在英汉报纸新闻中的分布及出现频率；二.被动语态在英汉报纸新闻中人际意义的异同。本文采用定量和定性的研究方法，选取二十篇报纸新闻作为语料，中英文各十篇，且每组都对应同一个事件。新闻均来自纽约时报http://www.nytimes.com，，今日美国http://www.usatoday.com，人民日报http://paper.people.com.cn和光明日报http://epaper.gmw.cn四大国内外网站2011年至2012年上旬的报道。通过对比发现：1.被动语态在中英文报纸新闻中出现频率不同，英文报纸中所占比例偏大。但两者又有共同点，无施事者的被动语态比有施事者的多，这与英汉两种语言的特点有关；2.语气系统中，两者在时态的选择上也存在相似之处，样本数据显示过去时在英汉新闻语篇中所占比例最大，其次为现在时，最小比例的是将来时。过去时和现在时的使用不仅可以让读者感觉到报道的客观性，同时过去时还能使报道者推卸责任，起到一定人际功能；3.情态系统中，英文的“will”和中文的“会”出现最频繁，这两个中值情态动词既反映了新闻记者对事件的确定性，又避免过度主观显性判断，从而达到使报道更真实的效果；4.最后作者又从句子之上的层面进一步比较了两者人际意义的异同：在表达客观，突出强调和推卸责任三方面相同，在体现负面情绪和表达客观上又存在不同。以上发现表明，被动语态的使用必然体现了使用者特定的意图或态度。韩礼德的功能语法理论对语态人际意义的分析具有科学性和实用性。英汉对比不仅有助于提高读者对两种语言意识形态的辨析，还有助于英汉被动语态的教学。
[Abstract]:As a common language phenomenon, passive voice is widely used in news, science and technology, business letters and other formal languages. For a long time, most of the researches have focused on semantic and syntactic aspects, and on their functions at the level of concepts and discourse functions, rarely involving their interpersonal functions. At the same time, the systemic functional grammar holds that the conceptual function and interpersonal function of active sentence and corresponding passive sentence are the same (Hu Zhuanglin et al., 2008: 100), but the emphasis of discourse function is different. However, the author holds that choice is the meaning, passive sentence and its corresponding active sentence reflect different interpersonal meaning, and the passive voice has different interpersonal meaning in both English and Chinese. Therefore, from the perspective of Halliday's functional grammar, this paper makes a contrastive analysis of the interpersonal meaning of passive voice in English and Chinese newspaper news, and tries to solve two main problems: 1. The distribution and frequency of passive voice in English and Chinese newspaper news. The similarities and differences of interpersonal meaning of passive voice in English and Chinese newspaper news. Using quantitative and qualitative methods, this paper selects 20 newspaper news articles as corpus, 10 in both Chinese and English, and each group corresponds to the same event. News from the new York times, http://www.nytimes.com, USA http://www.usatoday.com, today People's Daily http://paper.people.com.cn and Guangming Daily http://epaper.gmw.cn four major domestic and foreign websites from 2011 to 2012 reported. The results are as follows: 1. The frequency of passive voice in Chinese and English newspaper news is different, and the proportion of English newspaper is too large. But they also have something in common. The passive voice of the non-agent is more than that of the agent, which is related to the characteristics of English and Chinese; 2. In the mood system, there are similarities in the choice of tenses. The sample data show that the past tense accounts for the largest proportion in English and Chinese news discourses, followed by the present tense, and the least proportion is the future tense. The past tense and present tense can not only make the reader feel the objectivity of the report, but also make the reporter shirk his responsibility and play a certain interpersonal function. In the modal system, "will" in English and "will" in Chinese appear most frequently. These two median modal verbs not only reflect the certainty of news events, but also avoid excessive subjective dominant judgment, so as to make the report more true. 4. Finally, the author further compares the similarities and differences of interpersonal meaning between them from the perspective of sentence: the three aspects of expressing objectivity, highlighting and shirking responsibility are the same, and there are differences in reflecting negative emotions and expressing objectivity. The above findings indicate that the use of passive voice must reflect the specific intention or attitude of the user. Halliday's functional grammar theory is scientific and practical in the analysis of voice interpersonal meaning. The contrast between English and Chinese is not only helpful to improve the readers' discrimination and analysis of the ideology of the two languages, but also to the teaching of English and Chinese passive voice.
【学位授予单位】：江西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H314;H146

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