现代汉语转折副词的反预期标记功能研究
发布时间：2018-11-13 16:17
【摘要】：本文基于汉语的语言事实,以副词的一个小类——转折副词为研究对象,以语义分析、篇章分析及焦点理论、标记理论为指导,从信息标记角度对这类词进行全面的考察,全文主要从以下几个方面对这类词展开分析研究。 第一,对转折副词进行界定,确定研究对象。目前,学界对这类副词的名称尚无统一定论,有人称之为评注性副词,有人称之为语气副词,本文在前人研究的基础上,结合这类词的基本语义,将其界定为转折副词。本文还依据现代汉语词典对这类词的解释,筛选出研究对象为“反”、“反而”、“反倒”、“竟”、“竟然”、“居然”、“偏”、“偏偏”、“倒”、“倒是”和“其实”。 第二,对转折副词作为反预期信息标记词的语义进行了分析研究。我们先根据它们的语义关联性将其分为五组,分别为“反/反而/反倒”、“竟/竟然/居然”、“偏/偏偏”、“倒/倒是”和“其实”。然后,通过字典释义和语料分析对这类词进行语义筛选,确定它们在话语中何时可以作为反预期信息标记词。最后,对这类词作为反预期信息标记词的语义背景和语义格式进行了分析描写。我们发现,转折副词语义格式中的语义要素一般不会完整出现,有些是隐含在句子中的,符合语言经济性原则。我们认为,转折副词的基本语义是其能够在话语中充当反预期信息标记词的前提条件。 第三,对转折副词作为反预期信息标记词时的语用功能进行了分析研究。语言交际过程中,反预期信息标记词在表达意义时会带有说话人的感情色彩,有很强的主观性。在篇章中位置比较灵活,可以承担预示功能和转承功能。我们还对转折副词的焦点和情态做了研究,转折副词的特点决定了其所存在的话语的前后语义必定会发生对比,这样才能标记反预期信息。因此,反预期信息标记词的对比焦点表现比较突出,其引导的话语就是句子信息强度最高的部分,它可以表达话语的逆转态和意外态。 第四,重点分析了转折副词的反预期信息功能。首先,通过具体的语言事实分析了转折副词作为标记词在话语中所体现的三种具体的反预期信息类型,分别是与说话人的预期相反、与受话人的预期相反,与特定的言语社会共享的预期相反。然后从三个层面即主观层面、交际层面和语篇层面分析了反预期信息标记词的标记功能。 本文不再局限于从三个平面的视角去分析研究副词,而是从信息标记的角度对转折副词重新进行审视和考察,这一研究有助于从新的视角来认识转折副词,从而推进汉语副词的研究。
[Abstract]:Based on the linguistic facts of Chinese, this paper takes a subclass of adverbs, turning adverbs, as the object of study, takes semantic analysis, text analysis, focus theory and marker theory as the guidance, and makes a comprehensive investigation of these words from the angle of information marking. The full text mainly from the following several aspects of this kind of words to carry out an analytical study. First, define the turning adverb and determine the object of study. At present, there is no uniform conclusion on the names of these adverbs, some call them commentary adverbs, others call them modal adverbs. On the basis of previous studies, this paper defines them as turning adverbs on the basis of the basic semantics of these words. Based on the interpretation of such words in modern Chinese dictionaries, this paper also finds out that the subjects of study are "counter", "instead", "reverse", "unexpectedly", "unfavorable", "inverted". "Yes" and "actually". Secondly, the semantics of turning adverbs as anti-expected information markers are analyzed and studied. First, we divide them into five groups according to their semantic relevance: "reverse / reverse", "unexpectedly / unexpectedly", "biased / biased", "upside down / yes" and "actually". Then, lexicographic interpretation and corpus analysis are used to screen these words to determine when they can be used as counter-expected information markers in discourse. Finally, the semantic background and semantic format of these words as anti-expected information markers are analyzed and described. We find that the semantic elements in the semantic format of turning adverbs do not appear completely. Some of them are implicit in sentences and accord with the principle of language economy. We believe that the basic semantics of a turning adverb is the precondition for it to act as an anti-expected information marker in the discourse. Thirdly, the pragmatic functions of turning adverbs as anti-expected information markers are analyzed. In the process of language communication, anti-anticipatory information markers have strong subjectivity in expressing meaning with the emotion of the speaker. In the text the position is more flexible, can undertake the foreshadowing function and the transfer function. We also study the focus and modality of turning adverbs. The characteristics of turning adverbs determine that the meaning of the utterances will be contrasted before and after, so as to mark the anti-expectation information. Therefore, the contrastive focus of anti-expectation information markers is more prominent, and the utterances led by them are the parts with the highest level of sentence information, which can express the reverse and unexpected states of the utterances. Fourthly, the paper analyzes the function of anti-anticipatory information of turning adverbs. First of all, through the specific linguistic facts, this paper analyzes the three specific types of anti-expected information embodied by turning adverbs as markers in the discourse, which are contrary to the speaker's expectations and opposite to the addressee's expectations. Contrary to expectations shared by a particular speech society. Then, the paper analyzes the marked function of anti-expected information markers from three levels, namely subjective level, communicative level and discourse level. This paper is no longer limited to analyzing and studying adverbs from the perspective of three planes, but reexamines and inspects turning adverbs from the angle of information marking, which is helpful to understand the adverbs from a new perspective. In order to promote the study of Chinese adverbs.
【学位授予单位】：南京师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H146
本文编号：2329661
[Abstract]:Based on the linguistic facts of Chinese, this paper takes a subclass of adverbs, turning adverbs, as the object of study, takes semantic analysis, text analysis, focus theory and marker theory as the guidance, and makes a comprehensive investigation of these words from the angle of information marking. The full text mainly from the following several aspects of this kind of words to carry out an analytical study. First, define the turning adverb and determine the object of study. At present, there is no uniform conclusion on the names of these adverbs, some call them commentary adverbs, others call them modal adverbs. On the basis of previous studies, this paper defines them as turning adverbs on the basis of the basic semantics of these words. Based on the interpretation of such words in modern Chinese dictionaries, this paper also finds out that the subjects of study are "counter", "instead", "reverse", "unexpectedly", "unfavorable", "inverted". "Yes" and "actually". Secondly, the semantics of turning adverbs as anti-expected information markers are analyzed and studied. First, we divide them into five groups according to their semantic relevance: "reverse / reverse", "unexpectedly / unexpectedly", "biased / biased", "upside down / yes" and "actually". Then, lexicographic interpretation and corpus analysis are used to screen these words to determine when they can be used as counter-expected information markers in discourse. Finally, the semantic background and semantic format of these words as anti-expected information markers are analyzed and described. We find that the semantic elements in the semantic format of turning adverbs do not appear completely. Some of them are implicit in sentences and accord with the principle of language economy. We believe that the basic semantics of a turning adverb is the precondition for it to act as an anti-expected information marker in the discourse. Thirdly, the pragmatic functions of turning adverbs as anti-expected information markers are analyzed. In the process of language communication, anti-anticipatory information markers have strong subjectivity in expressing meaning with the emotion of the speaker. In the text the position is more flexible, can undertake the foreshadowing function and the transfer function. We also study the focus and modality of turning adverbs. The characteristics of turning adverbs determine that the meaning of the utterances will be contrasted before and after, so as to mark the anti-expectation information. Therefore, the contrastive focus of anti-expectation information markers is more prominent, and the utterances led by them are the parts with the highest level of sentence information, which can express the reverse and unexpected states of the utterances. Fourthly, the paper analyzes the function of anti-anticipatory information of turning adverbs. First of all, through the specific linguistic facts, this paper analyzes the three specific types of anti-expected information embodied by turning adverbs as markers in the discourse, which are contrary to the speaker's expectations and opposite to the addressee's expectations. Contrary to expectations shared by a particular speech society. Then, the paper analyzes the marked function of anti-expected information markers from three levels, namely subjective level, communicative level and discourse level. This paper is no longer limited to analyzing and studying adverbs from the perspective of three planes, but reexamines and inspects turning adverbs from the angle of information marking, which is helpful to understand the adverbs from a new perspective. In order to promote the study of Chinese adverbs.
【学位授予单位】：南京师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H146
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