新时期以来汉语新词语消退现象研究

发布时间：2018-11-16 16:27

【摘要】：新时期以来汉语新词语的消退现象十分显著。本文以新时期以来产生的新词语为研究对象,分析新词语消退的特点与原因。文章主体分为以下三章：第一章,基于语料库进行定量分析。通过整理相应年代的新词语词典与年编对语料进行收集,然后利用《现代汉语词典》(第六版)、相关语料库和语感三方面对收集到的语料进行筛选,确定新时期以来消退的新词语的范围,构建新时期以来汉语消退新词语的语料库。在语料库的基础之上对新时期以来汉语新词语消退的整体走势进行概括,描绘出新词语消退的大趋势,然后对消退的新词语进行分时段的研究。第二章,分析消退的新词语的特点,即哪类新词语更容易消退,其中是否有规律可循。本文主要从语音、语义、修辞、语法四方面对消退的新词语进行特点的分析。在语音特点上,消退的新词语主要是简缩语和音译造词；在语义特点上,消退的新词语主要受同义关系和语义环境的影响；在修辞特点上,使用比喻、仿拟、谐音等方式创造的新词语更容易消退；在语法特点上主要是通过语言类推机制批量构造的新词群容易消退。第三章,对新时期以来汉语新词语的消退原因进行挖掘。本文把新时期以来汉语新词语的消退原因概括为以下四个方面：社会因素、语用心理因素、网络传媒因素和语言系统内部因素,具体包括旧事物的消失、新事物的普及、喜新厌旧的心理、从众心理等等因素。正是在这些因素的作用下才促使了新时期以来汉语新词语的消退现象。
[Abstract]:The extinction of Chinese neologisms in the new period is very significant. In this paper, the features and reasons of neologism are analyzed by taking the neologisms produced since the new period as the research object. The main body of the paper is divided into three chapters: chapter one, quantitative analysis based on corpus. Through sorting out the neologism dictionary and the annual edition of the corresponding age to collect the corpus, then using the Modern Chinese Dictionary (sixth edition), the relevant corpus and the language sense to screen the collected corpus, and then use the "Modern Chinese Dictionary" (sixth edition), relevant corpus and language sense to screen the collected corpus. To determine the range of new words which have disappeared since the new period, and to construct a corpus of Chinese new words that have disappeared since the new period. On the basis of corpus, this paper generalizes the overall trend of Chinese neologisms regression since the new period, describes the general trend of neologism, and then studies the fading neologisms in different periods. The second chapter analyzes the characteristics of fading neologisms, that is, which neologisms are easier to fade, and whether there are rules to follow. This paper analyzes the features of vanishing neologisms from phonological, semantic, rhetorical and grammatical aspects. In terms of phonological features, the subsided neologisms are mainly abbreviated and transliterated, and the fading neologisms are mainly influenced by synonymy and semantic environment. In terms of rhetorical features, the neologisms created by means of metaphor, parody and homonym are easier to dissipate, while grammatical features are mainly composed of groups of neologisms constructed in batches through linguistic analogies. The third chapter excavates the reasons for the extinction of Chinese neologisms since the new period. In this paper, the reasons for the extinction of Chinese neologisms since the new era are summarized as follows: social factors, pragmatic psychological factors, network media factors and internal factors of the language system, including the disappearance of old things and the popularization of new things. The old psychology, the conformity psychology and so on factor. It is under the action of these factors that the extinction of Chinese neologisms has been promoted since the new period.
【学位授予单位】：黑龙江大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：H136

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