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汉法语音对比及初级水平法国留学生汉语单字调语音偏误分析

发布时间:2018-11-26 21:33
【摘要】:语音是汉语学习者的一大难点,不同国别的学生由于受其母语的影响,,在习得汉语语音的过程中有着不同的特点。笔者在对法国留学生进行汉语语音教学时,发现他们在学习汉语语音的过程中表现出一些普遍性、规律性的偏误,于是决定进行此项研究。 本文以西安外国语大学的21位初级水平法国留学生作为研究对象,设计了语音测试表及背景调查表,并对测试结果进行了听辨实验和声学分析,统计得出声韵母的偏误率及偏误形式和声调的偏误类型,推测分析偏误产生的原因,并提出相应的教学建议。除结语外,全文共分三部分: 第一部分:导论。简要说明这项研究的目的、内容和过程,总结这一课题的研究现状,阐述理论基础。 第二部分:汉法语音对比分析。分别从元音、辅音和音节结构三方面对比了汉法两种语言,预测了留学生在学习声母和韵母过程中可能会出现的语音偏误。 第三部分:偏误分析及教学建议。这是本文的主体部分。从听辨实验结果中统计分析出声母、韵母的偏误率和偏误形式,从声学分析结果中归纳出声调的偏误类型,并分别推测偏误产生的原因,然后提出教学建议。 声母偏误形式可概括为10式,主要表现在清浊音、送气不送气音、舌面音、平翘舌音和齿龈塞音方面。韵母偏误主要表现在i、前后鼻音韵母、卷舌音及和四方面。声调偏误主要表现在单字调末加尾音、去声时长较短、阳平与上声混淆三方面。文章从母语负迁移的影响、汉语拼音方案的误导、目的语语音知识的不全面、语音要素的相互影响及学生个体学习策略等方面分析了声韵母及声调偏误产生原因,并分别提出了有针对性的教学建议。
[Abstract]:Phonetics is a major difficulty for Chinese learners. Students from different countries have different characteristics in the process of learning Chinese pronunciation because of the influence of their mother tongue. In the teaching of Chinese pronunciation to French students, the author finds that they have some common and regular errors in the process of learning Chinese pronunciation, and decides to carry out this study. In this paper, 21 junior French students from Xi'an Foreign Studies University were selected as the research objects, and the phonetic test table and background questionnaire were designed, and the results were analyzed by audition experiment and acoustic analysis. The error rate, the form of errors and the types of tone errors are obtained by statistics. The causes of errors are speculated and analyzed, and the corresponding teaching suggestions are put forward. In addition to the conclusion, the full text is divided into three parts: the first part: introduction. The purpose, content and process of this research are briefly explained, the present research situation of this subject is summarized, and the theoretical basis is expounded. The second part: Chinese and French phonetic contrastive analysis. This paper compares Chinese and French with vowels, consonants and syllable structures, and predicts the phonetic errors that may occur in the process of learning consonants and vowels. The third part: error analysis and teaching suggestions. This is the main part of this paper. The error rate and form of initials and vowels are statistically analyzed from the results of audition experiments, and the types of tone errors are summed up from the results of acoustic analysis, and the causes of errors are inferred respectively, and teaching suggestions are put forward. The consonant error form can be summarized as 10 types, mainly manifested in purging, exhaling, tongue-face, flat tongue and gingival silencing. Vowel bias mainly shows in i, nasal vowel, roll tone and four aspects. Tone bias is mainly reflected in three aspects: the end of a single word and the final tone, the shorter duration of sound removal, and the confusion between Yangping and Shangsheng. This paper analyzes the causes of phonological errors from the aspects of negative transfer of mother tongue, misdirection of Pinyin scheme, incomplete phonological knowledge of the target language, interaction of phonetic elements and individual learning strategies of students. And put forward the pertinence teaching suggestion separately.
【学位授予单位】:西安外国语大学
【学位级别】:硕士
【学位授予年份】:2012
【分类号】:H195

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