现代汉语“X一量Y一量”格式考察

发布时间：2018-12-11 21:26

【摘要】：“X—量Y—量”格式在现代汉语中使用非常普遍,如“深一脚浅一脚”、“你一口我一口”、“东一堆西一堆”、“见一个爱一个”等。这一结构是由格式重叠构成的,因而格式自身具有了一种表量的语义,且一些还可以表示全称量限。本文将从六个部分对该格式做出详细考察：第一章是绪论部分,主要阐述论文选题意义和国内外研究现状以及所采用的理论方法和语料来源等。第二章在界定本文研究范围的基础上,主要考察“X—量Y—量”格式的构成成分及“X—量Y—量”格式的句法功能。动词、名词、形容词、代词、数词等都可以充当X、Y进入“X—量Y—量”格式,并且以动词居多,能够进入格式的量词可以是专用量词,也可以是借用量词。“X—量Y—量”格式在句子中可以作谓语、主语、宾语、定语和补语等,该格式在语言中是一种比较活跃的语言现象。第三章,主要分析了“X—量Y—量”格式内部语义关系及格式的量限义,并对格式的量性特征进行了考察,同时尝试性地分析了其表量的原因。“X—量Y—量”格式内部各个组成成分之间有着复杂的语义关系。X、Y之间可以是相对、相近及临时关系词；X、Y与“—量”之间也存在着主谓、状中、述宾及述补关系；“X—量”与“Y—量”之间存在着并列、承接和因果的语义关系；“X—量Y—量”格式的量限义可以表示物量、动量及时间量。“一量”的语义指向分为语义指向相同和语义指向不同两种情况,且“—量”语义指向的相同与否对格式的整体表量情况有较大影响。当“—量”语义指向相同时,“X—量Y—量”格式多表示一种全量；当“一量”语义指向不同时,“X—量Y—量”格式多表示—种交替增量。第四章,运用认知语言学的相关理论对“X—量Y—量”格式进行了认知解释。能够进入格式的X、Y受到一些认知机制的制约,X、Y通常属于同一语义范畴,且具有象似性。“X—量Y—量”是由格式重叠构成的,重叠得到的“X—量Y—量”格式与其它词语重叠一样同样具有表量的功能,而且表示的是一种无界增量。另外,我们还运用概念隐喻理论及完形理论对“X—量Y—量”格式做出了解释。第五章,对比分析了“X—量Y—量”格式与“—量X—量Y”格式。“—量X—量P格式X、Y的构成成分,可以是动词,形容词及名词等,其中以形容词最为常见,而“X—量Y—量”格式的构成成分更为丰富,在语言中较之“—量X—量Y”格式也更为活跃。在语义的差别方面,“X—量Y—量”格式比“—量X—量Y”格式更加强调X、Y的交替变化,或是突显X、Y的性质,而“—量X—量Y”格式则更注重强调整体变化或突显变化之快。当“X—量Y—量”格式与“—量X—量Y”格式的构成成分同时适用于两种格式的时候,二者是可以相互转化。第六章是全文的结语部分,归纳本文的主要观点,并提出需要进一步探讨的问题。
[Abstract]:"X- quantity Y- quantity" format is very common in modern Chinese, such as "deep foot, shallow foot", "one mouthful at a time", "a pile of east and west", "see a love one" and so on. This structure is composed of format overlap, so the format itself has a semantics of table quantities, and some can also represent full weighing limits. This paper will make a detailed study of the format from six parts: the first chapter is the introduction part, which mainly describes the significance of the topic, the current research situation at home and abroad, the theoretical methods and the source of the corpus and so on. On the basis of defining the scope of this paper, the second chapter mainly studies the composition of "X-quantity Y-quantity" format and the syntactic function of "X-quantity Y-quantity" format. Verbs, nouns, adjectives, pronouns, numerals and so on can all act as XY to enter the "X-quantity Y-quantity" format, and most of them are verbs, and the quantifiers that can enter the format can be special quantifiers. "X-Quantitive Y- quantity" format can be used as predicate, subject, object, attribute and complement in sentence, which is an active language phenomenon in language. In the third chapter, we analyze the semantic relation of X-Quantitive Y-quantity format and the quantitative meaning of the format, and investigate the quantitative characteristics of the format. At the same time, the paper tries to analyze the reason of the table quantity. There are complex semantic relations among the components in the "X-quantity Y-quantity" format, and XY can be relative, similar and temporary relation words. There is also a subject-predicate relationship between XY and "Y- quantity", a semantic relationship between "X- quantity" and "Y- quantity", and a semantic relationship between "X- quantity" and "Y- quantity". The limit meaning of "X-quantity Y-quantity" can represent the quantity of matter, momentum and time. The semantic direction of "one quantity" can be divided into two kinds: the semantic direction is the same and the semantic direction is different, and whether the semantic direction of "-quantity" is the same or not has a great influence on the overall table quantity of the format. When the semantic point of "- quantity" is the same, "X- quantity Y- quantity" format denotes a kind of total quantity, and when "one quantity" semantic point is different, "X- quantity Y- quantity" format means "alternate increment". In chapter 4, we use the theory of cognitive linguistics to explain the format of X-quantity Y-quantity. XY, which can enter the format, is restricted by some cognitive mechanisms. XY usually belongs to the same semantic category and has iconicity. The "X-quantity Y-quantity" format obtained by overlap has the same function as other words, and represents an unbounded increment. In addition, we use conceptual metaphor theory and gestalt theory to explain the "X-quantity Y-quantity" format. In the fifth chapter, we compare and analyze the "X-Quantitive Y-quantity" format and the "-Quantum-X-Quantitive Y" format. The components of "-Quantified X-Quantitive P format XY" can be verbs, adjectives and nouns, among which adjectives are the most common. But the "X- quantity Y- quantity" format is more abundant and more active than the "X- quantity Y" format in the language. In terms of semantic differences, the "X-Quantitive Y-quantity" format places more emphasis on the alternating variation of XY than the "X-Quantitative Y" format, or highlights the nature of XY. The "- quantity X-quantity Y" format is more focused on overall changes or highlights the speed of change. When the components of "X- quantity Y- quantity" format and "- quantity X- quantity Y" scheme are applicable to both formats, they can be transformed into each other. The sixth chapter is the conclusion of the paper, summarizes the main points of this paper, and points out the problems that need to be further explored.
【学位授予单位】：上海师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：H146

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